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Funds I Lab > Feeding, Elimination, Intake/Output, Specimen Collection > Flashcards

Feeding, Elimination, Intake/Output, Specimen Collection Flashcards

1
Q

What do you use a clear liquid diet for? (How long? What’s it for?)

A

Acute (short-term) diet (24-36 hours)

to relieve thirst, prevent dehydration, and minimize stimulation of the GI tract

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2
Q

What does a clear liquid diet consist of?

A

water
tea
coffee
clear broths
ginger ale or other clear carbonated beverages
strained and clear juices
plain gelatin

(must be able to see through)

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3
Q

What do you use a full liquid diet for? (How long? What’s it for?)

A

Acute (short-term) diet

For people unable to tolerate solid or semisolid foods

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4
Q

What does a full liquid diet consist of?

A

All liquids in clear liquid diet
Milk products (including ice cream)

Anything that is liquefied at room temp

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5
Q

What do you use a soft diet for?

A

People who have difficulty chewing and swallowing

People with jaw issues (ex: after wisdom teeth surgery)

Food is easily chewed and digested (low fiber diet)

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6
Q

What does a regular diet provide?

A

balanced diet that supplies the METABOLIC requirements of a sedentary person, standard or house diet

for hospital clients who do not have special dietary needs

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7
Q

What does an ADA diet consist of?

A

calorie restricted diet

sugar in moderation (splenda)

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8
Q

What does ADA stand for?

A

American Diabetic Association

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9
Q

What does a renal diet restrict?

A

could have fluid restriction (IV, oral)
modifying sodium intake
avoid processed foods

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10
Q

What does a heart healthy diet restrict?

A

no caffeine (in some patients)
limiting fats and sodium intake

helps fight against heart disease
lowers cholesterol

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11
Q

What does a pureed diet consist of? And what is it used for?

A

liquid and items that have been blended into liquid

chewing and swallowing difficulties

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12
Q

Arab Heritage Diet Considerations

A

bread is served at every meal
no pork, meats cooked well done
food is eaten with right hand
beverages are drunk after the meal not during

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13
Q

Jewish Heritage Diet Considerations

A

dietary laws govern the killing, preparation, and eating of foods
meat and animal milk are not eaten at the same time; dairy substitutes are permitted
pork is forbidden
all blood must be drained from meats
always wash hands before eating

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14
Q

Mexican Heritage Diet Considerations

A

rice, beans, and tortillas are core, essential foods
being overweight may be viewed as positive
the main meal of the day is at NOONTIME

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15
Q

What is thickening liquid used for? What are the consistencies?

A

prevents likelihood of aspiration (aspiration could cause pneumonia)

honey, nectar, pudding

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16
Q

Feeding Assessments

A

ability to swallow
feed themselves
may need to provide assistance
stir food to help with heat
appetite
diets
preferences
likes/dislikes

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17
Q

Feeding Position

A

High Fowler’s
towel on chest to catch food

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18
Q

Privacy for Feeding

A

depends on patient

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19
Q

When do you assess blood sugar when ordered?

A

before the patient eats

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20
Q

Feeding Procedure

A
  1. hand hygiene, AIDET, etc
  2. position pt
  3. ask pt preferences
  4. offer drinks
  5. allow pt enough time to chew/ swallow
  6. leave pt upright when done for digestion
  7. document percentage of food/drink eaten
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21
Q

Intake

A

everything liquid

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22
Q

Output

A

everything that comes out

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23
Q

When do you document the amount of fluid intake for a cup?

A

after taking the cup away

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24
Q

30 mL = ? oz

A

1

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25
Q

cc =

A

mL

26
Q

What is the minimum urine output requirement for adults?

A

30 mL/ hr

27
Q

What is a fecal impaction?

A

hardened feces in rectum (impacted) preventing bm (constipation but worse)

28
Q

How is a fecal impaction assessed?

A

by digital (finger) exam

29
Q

How is a fecal impaction relieved?

A

double glove
pt in sims
line bed w/ bed pads
may have bed pan nearby
water soluble lubricant
pull away at impaction w/ finger
when enough is taken out the rest will follow

30
Q

What are potential complications for the digital removal of a fecal impaction?

A

vagus nerve may be stimulated = pt will pass out (dizziness, sweaty)

be mindful of cardiac pt

31
Q

What is an ostomy?

A

opening on the abdominal wall for the elimination of feces or urine

32
Q

What does normal skin look like?

A

pink, dry, intact, warm

33
Q

What is a stoma?

A

the opening created in the abdominal wall by an ostomy

34
Q

What should the peri-stomal skin look like?

A

normal (pink, dry, intact, warm)

35
Q

What should the stoma look like?

A

pink/beefy, moist

36
Q

How often should you change an ostomy appliance?

A

change weekly unless signs of skin breakdown are noted

37
Q

When does the ostomy bag need emptied?

A

at about half full

38
Q

What may stool specimens be collected for?

A

to test for:
bacteria
C. diff
blood
worms
ova and parasites

may analyze dietary products and digestive enzymes

39
Q

When a stool specimen needs to be taken, what communication do you need to have?

A

signage on the door
communication with patient and family members

40
Q

How many samples do you need for ova (worms)? Why?

A

3 separate samples
to capture entire lifetime

41
Q

When obtaining a stool specimen do you wear gloves?

A

YES

42
Q

What should a stool label contain?

A

2 pt identifiers: name and DOB

43
Q

Where should you apply the label for the specimen?

A

at pt bedside after they confirm name and DOB

44
Q

Nursing Considerations for Stool Specimen

A

clean bed pan/Texas hat
do NOT contaminate w/ urine
no toilet paper on specimen
use tongue depressor to move specimen
amount depends on test (typically 1” or 15-30 mL for liquidy stool)
include abnormal in sample

45
Q

What does hemoccult mean?

A

hidden blood

46
Q

Who performs a hemoccult test?

A

depends on agency policies

47
Q

Routine Specimen (urine)

A

no time frame around it

EX: pregnancy test, drug test

48
Q

Clean catch for C & S

A

sterile sample
to figure out what bacteria it is (specifically)
midstream
peri-care before
may do straight catheter if pt cannot stop midstream

49
Q

What does C & S stand for?

A

culture: growth on petri dish
sensitivity: identify what grew in culture so we can figure out what it is sensitive to

50
Q

Foley Catheter Urine Specimen

A

only collect specimen right when placed in pt
use blue port to collect after bag is inserted
do NOT take sample from bag

51
Q

Timed Urine Sample

A

over a period of time
large sample = more accurate
ex: 24 hr urine
if a sample is missed you have to restart
every dop needs to be collected
sample collection bag is on ice to keep it cold

52
Q

How much urine do you need for a culture?

A

3 mL

53
Q

How much urine do you need for a urine analysis (UA)?

A

10 mL

54
Q

What is sputum?

A

comes from lungs, thick, mucous

55
Q

What is the purpose of sputum specimen?

A

identify microorganisms, lung cancer, TB

56
Q

What is the procedure for a sputum specimen?

A

pt expectorates into container
requires 1-2 tsp (5-10 mL)
can use suction if needed

57
Q

What is the purpose for throat specimens?

A

test for microorganisms, strep

58
Q

What is the procedure for throat specimens?

A

visualize throat
move tongue out of way
quickly do it
swab the abnormal

59
Q

Nursing Considerations for throat specimen

A

if you take too long pt may gag/vomit

60
Q

Nasopharyngeal specimens (purpose, procedure, considerations)

A

COVID-19 test
pt head back, wear gloves
be quick

Funds I Lab (7 decks)

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