Oxygenation

Question 1

What is lung compliance?

Answer 1

Ease of lung inflation

Question 2

What is lung elasticity?

Answer 2

Elastic recoil

Question 3

Why do the elderly have reduced lung expansion and less alveolar inflation?

Answer 3

Calcification of costal cartilage
Lungs have less recoil ability
Alveoli lose elasticity

Question 4

What are 4 factors that influence pulmonary function?

Answer 4

Life span and development 
Environment 
Lifestyle 
Smoking 
Medications

Question 5

Yellow or green sputum is indicative of what?

Answer 5

Neutrophil response but doesn’t always mean infection

Question 6

Rust colored sputum is indicative of what?

Answer 6

PNA and TB

Question 7

Pink and frothy sputum is indicative of what?

Answer 7

Pulmonary edema

Question 8

Foul smelling sputum is indicative of what?

Answer 8

Bacterial infection

Question 9

What is the % of RA (FiO2)?

Answer 9

21%

Question 10

What is a more reliable indicator of respiratory depression, capnography or pulse ox?

Answer 10

Capnography

Question 11

What does spirometry measure?

Answer 11

Air that moves in and out of the lungs

Question 12

What is the flow rate of NC?

Answer 12

1-6L/min

Question 13

What is the flow rate of a partial rebreather mask?

Answer 13

8-10L/min

Question 14

What is the flow rate of a non rebreather mask?

Answer 14

10-12 L/min

Question 15

What is the flow rate of a high flow venturi mask?

Answer 15

2-15 L/min

Question 16

What is the flow rate of a high flow NC?

Answer 16

Deliver heated and humidified gas up to 60 L/min

Question 17

What percentage of oxygen is delivered with a Venturi mask?

Answer 17

24-60%

Question 18

Why does a Venturi mask have different adapters?

Answer 18

To deliver more precise oxygen %

Question 19

T/F. High flow NC delivers constant FiO2 and humidification?

Answer 19

True

Question 20

What is transtracheal oxygen therapy? (TTOT)

Answer 20

Delivers oxygen directly into the trachea via a small plastic catheter placed into the trachea

Question 21

What is one potential problem with transtracheal oxygen therapy (TTOT)?

Answer 21

It cannot humidify so it can dry and damage the trachea

Question 22

What is mechanical ventilation?

Answer 22

Provides support until underlying pathophys process is corrected. Improves ventilation and respiration. Decreases work of breathing.

Question 23

When are chest tubes used?

Answer 23

To regain negative pressure in the thoracic cavity

Question 24

Why do chest tubes have a 3 chamber water seal system?

Answer 24

To keep air from getting in, provide light suction, and drain fluid.

Question 25

What kind of dressing is placed over chest tube opening?

Answer 25

Occlusive

Question 26

What are the 5 As to assist us when treating tobacco dependence?

Answer 26

Ask, advise, assess, assist, and arrange

Question 27

What are the s/sx of PNA?

Answer 27

Cough, malaise, pleuritic pain, rust colored sputum, fever, chills, dyspnea, elevated WBC

Question 28

What are short term interventions to treat PNA?

Answer 28

Hydration, rest, deep breathing and coughing exercises, positioning, frequent position changes.

Question 29

What are long term nursing interventions for PNA?

Answer 29

Balanced meals, rest, exercise, avoid smoking, avoid URI exposure, increase fluids, wash hands, and prompt tx.

Question 30

What are 3 things we can educate outpatient patients in order to promote optimal oxygenation?

Answer 30

Flu shot, strep vaccine, and smoking cessation.

Question 31

What 2 topics can we educate inpatient patients to promote optimal oxygenation?

Answer 31

Aspiration precautions and prevent nosocomial PNA infections

Question 32

How do we prevent complications when treating patients with oxygen therapy?

Answer 32

1. Assess skin of face, ear, and neck Q4-8 hours. 2. Mouth care 3. Pad elastic band/tubing 4. Cleanse equipment 5. Cleanse and moisturize skin

Question 33

What are therapeutic responses to hypoxemia?

Answer 33

1. Calm and confident approach 2. Emotional support and comfort 3. Sit down and make eye contact 4. Speak calmly 5. Inform patient what you are doing 6. Hold persons hand 7. Practice therapeutic touch 8. Sit while providing interventions

Question 34

Why do the elderly have a diminished ability to ventilate?

Answer 34

Diaphragm strength decreases and vital capacity is reduced

Question 35

What is external gas exchange?

Answer 35

Alveolar and capillary gas exchange

Question 36

What is internal gas exchange?

Answer 36

Capillary tissue/organ gas exchange

Question 37

When do we need to humidify low flow oxygen?

Answer 37

At 4mL/min or >