Oxygenation Flashcards
What is lung compliance?
Ease of lung inflation
What is lung elasticity?
Elastic recoil
Why do the elderly have reduced lung expansion and less alveolar inflation?
Calcification of costal cartilage
Lungs have less recoil ability
Alveoli lose elasticity
What are 4 factors that influence pulmonary function?
Life span and development Environment Lifestyle Smoking Medications
Yellow or green sputum is indicative of what?
Neutrophil response but doesn’t always mean infection
Rust colored sputum is indicative of what?
PNA and TB
Pink and frothy sputum is indicative of what?
Pulmonary edema
Foul smelling sputum is indicative of what?
Bacterial infection
What is the % of RA (FiO2)?
21%
What is a more reliable indicator of respiratory depression, capnography or pulse ox?
Capnography
What does spirometry measure?
Air that moves in and out of the lungs
What is the flow rate of NC?
1-6L/min
What is the flow rate of a partial rebreather mask?
8-10L/min
What is the flow rate of a non rebreather mask?
10-12 L/min
What is the flow rate of a high flow venturi mask?
2-15 L/min
What is the flow rate of a high flow NC?
Deliver heated and humidified gas up to 60 L/min
What percentage of oxygen is delivered with a Venturi mask?
24-60%
Why does a Venturi mask have different adapters?
To deliver more precise oxygen %
T/F. High flow NC delivers constant FiO2 and humidification?
True
What is transtracheal oxygen therapy? (TTOT)
Delivers oxygen directly into the trachea via a small plastic catheter placed into the trachea
What is one potential problem with transtracheal oxygen therapy (TTOT)?
It cannot humidify so it can dry and damage the trachea
What is mechanical ventilation?
Provides support until underlying pathophys process is corrected. Improves ventilation and respiration. Decreases work of breathing.
When are chest tubes used?
To regain negative pressure in the thoracic cavity
Why do chest tubes have a 3 chamber water seal system?
To keep air from getting in, provide light suction, and drain fluid.
What kind of dressing is placed over chest tube opening?
Occlusive
What are the 5 As to assist us when treating tobacco dependence?
Ask, advise, assess, assist, and arrange
What are the s/sx of PNA?
Cough, malaise, pleuritic pain, rust colored sputum, fever, chills, dyspnea, elevated WBC
What are short term interventions to treat PNA?
Hydration, rest, deep breathing and coughing exercises, positioning, frequent position changes.
What are long term nursing interventions for PNA?
Balanced meals, rest, exercise, avoid smoking, avoid URI exposure, increase fluids, wash hands, and prompt tx.
What are 3 things we can educate outpatient patients in order to promote optimal oxygenation?
Flu shot, strep vaccine, and smoking cessation.
What 2 topics can we educate inpatient patients to promote optimal oxygenation?
Aspiration precautions and prevent nosocomial PNA infections
How do we prevent complications when treating patients with oxygen therapy?
- Assess skin of face, ear, and neck Q4-8 hours.
- Mouth care
- Pad elastic band/tubing
- Cleanse equipment
- Cleanse and moisturize skin
What are therapeutic responses to hypoxemia?
- Calm and confident approach
- Emotional support and comfort
- Sit down and make eye contact
- Speak calmly
- Inform patient what you are doing
- Hold persons hand
- Practice therapeutic touch
- Sit while providing interventions
Why do the elderly have a diminished ability to ventilate?
Diaphragm strength decreases and vital capacity is reduced
What is external gas exchange?
Alveolar and capillary gas exchange
What is internal gas exchange?
Capillary tissue/organ gas exchange
When do we need to humidify low flow oxygen?
At 4mL/min or >
