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Fundamentals > Oxygenation > Flashcards

Oxygenation Flashcards

1
Q

What is lung compliance?

A

Ease of lung inflation

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2
Q

What is lung elasticity?

A

Elastic recoil

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3
Q

Why do the elderly have reduced lung expansion and less alveolar inflation?

A

Calcification of costal cartilage
Lungs have less recoil ability
Alveoli lose elasticity

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4
Q

What are 4 factors that influence pulmonary function?

A 
Life span and development 
Environment 
Lifestyle 
Smoking 
Medications
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5
Q

Yellow or green sputum is indicative of what?

A

Neutrophil response but doesn’t always mean infection

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6
Q

Rust colored sputum is indicative of what?

A

PNA and TB

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7
Q

Pink and frothy sputum is indicative of what?

A

Pulmonary edema

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8
Q

Foul smelling sputum is indicative of what?

A

Bacterial infection

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9
Q

What is the % of RA (FiO2)?

A

21%

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10
Q

What is a more reliable indicator of respiratory depression, capnography or pulse ox?

A

Capnography

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11
Q

What does spirometry measure?

A

Air that moves in and out of the lungs

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12
Q

What is the flow rate of NC?

A

1-6L/min

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13
Q

What is the flow rate of a partial rebreather mask?

A

8-10L/min

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14
Q

What is the flow rate of a non rebreather mask?

A

10-12 L/min

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15
Q

What is the flow rate of a high flow venturi mask?

A

2-15 L/min

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16
Q

What is the flow rate of a high flow NC?

A

Deliver heated and humidified gas up to 60 L/min

17
Q

What percentage of oxygen is delivered with a Venturi mask?

A

24-60%

18
Q

Why does a Venturi mask have different adapters?

A

To deliver more precise oxygen %

19
Q

T/F. High flow NC delivers constant FiO2 and humidification?

A

True

20
Q

What is transtracheal oxygen therapy? (TTOT)

A

Delivers oxygen directly into the trachea via a small plastic catheter placed into the trachea

21
Q

What is one potential problem with transtracheal oxygen therapy (TTOT)?

A

It cannot humidify so it can dry and damage the trachea

22
Q

What is mechanical ventilation?

A

Provides support until underlying pathophys process is corrected. Improves ventilation and respiration. Decreases work of breathing.

23
Q

When are chest tubes used?

A

To regain negative pressure in the thoracic cavity

24
Q

Why do chest tubes have a 3 chamber water seal system?

A

To keep air from getting in, provide light suction, and drain fluid.

25
Q

What kind of dressing is placed over chest tube opening?

A

Occlusive

26
Q

What are the 5 As to assist us when treating tobacco dependence?

A

Ask, advise, assess, assist, and arrange

27
Q

What are the s/sx of PNA?

A

Cough, malaise, pleuritic pain, rust colored sputum, fever, chills, dyspnea, elevated WBC

28
Q

What are short term interventions to treat PNA?

A

Hydration, rest, deep breathing and coughing exercises, positioning, frequent position changes.

29
Q

What are long term nursing interventions for PNA?

A

Balanced meals, rest, exercise, avoid smoking, avoid URI exposure, increase fluids, wash hands, and prompt tx.

30
Q

What are 3 things we can educate outpatient patients in order to promote optimal oxygenation?

A

Flu shot, strep vaccine, and smoking cessation.

31
Q

What 2 topics can we educate inpatient patients to promote optimal oxygenation?

A

Aspiration precautions and prevent nosocomial PNA infections

32
Q

How do we prevent complications when treating patients with oxygen therapy?

A
  1. Assess skin of face, ear, and neck Q4-8 hours.
  2. Mouth care
  3. Pad elastic band/tubing
  4. Cleanse equipment
  5. Cleanse and moisturize skin
33
Q

What are therapeutic responses to hypoxemia?

A
  1. Calm and confident approach
  2. Emotional support and comfort
  3. Sit down and make eye contact
  4. Speak calmly
  5. Inform patient what you are doing
  6. Hold persons hand
  7. Practice therapeutic touch
  8. Sit while providing interventions
34
Q

Why do the elderly have a diminished ability to ventilate?

A

Diaphragm strength decreases and vital capacity is reduced

35
Q

What is external gas exchange?

A

Alveolar and capillary gas exchange

36
Q

What is internal gas exchange?

A

Capillary tissue/organ gas exchange

37
Q

When do we need to humidify low flow oxygen?

A

At 4mL/min or >

Fundamentals (11 decks)

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