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Fundamentals > Life Span > Flashcards

Life Span Flashcards

1
Q

Growth

A

Physical changes that occur over time

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2
Q

Development

A

Process of adapting to one’s environment over time. Behavioral changes.

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3
Q

What is the cephalocaudal pattern of growth?

A

Begins at the head and progresses down to the chest, trunk, and LE. I.e tendency of children to use arms before their legs

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4
Q

What is the próximodistal pattern of development?

A

Begins at the center of the body and moves outward. I.e when infant first begins to focus eyes, then lifts head, and later pushes up and rolls

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5
Q

What are the 6 topics of developmental theories?

A
  • Task theory
  • Psychoanalytic theory
  • Cognitive development
  • Psychosocial development
  • Moral development
  • Spiritual theory
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6
Q

Who’s theory is widely used in nursing and health care?

A

Eriksons psychosocial development theory

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7
Q

What are Erikson’s 8 stages of psychosocial development?

A
  1. Infancy
  2. Early childhood
  3. Preschool
  4. School age
  5. Adolescence
  6. Young adulthood
  7. Middle adulthood
  8. Maturity
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8
Q

What is the embryonic phase?

A

The first 8 weeks of pregnancy in the 1st trimester.

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9
Q

When in the first trimester is the embryo now considered a fetus?

A

By the end of week 8 when all organs are formed

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10
Q

What are common health problems in a neonate?

A
  • Respiratory distress
  • Birth injuries
  • Congenital abnormalities
  • Infections
  • Jaundice
  • Fetal alcohol syndrome
  • Mothers with substance addiction
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11
Q

What does the APGAR score measure and at what intervals?

A

Activity, pulse, grimace, appearance, respirations

Measured at 1 min and 5 min marks.

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12
Q

What are the 9 infant reflexes?

A
  1. Rooting
  2. Sucking reflex
  3. Swallowing reflex
  4. Grasp reflex
  5. Tonic neck or fencing reflex
  6. Moro or startle reflex
  7. Stepping reflex
  8. Crawling reflex
  9. Babinski reflex
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13
Q

What are the 6 common health problems of an infant?

A
  1. Crying and colic
  2. Failure to thrive
  3. Dental caries
  4. Abuse and neglect
  5. Unintentional injury
  6. SIDS
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14
Q

What are 4 common health problems for toddlers?

A
  1. Unintentional injury
  2. Infections
  3. Immunizations
  4. Toilet training
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15
Q

What are the 4 common health problems for pre-schoolers?

A

Communicable diseases
Poisoning
Enuresis
Child abuse

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16
Q

What are the 3 common health problems for school aged children?

A

Obesity, asthma, and injuries

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17
Q

What are 7 common health problems for adolescence?

A
  1. Substance abuse
  2. Driving
  3. Depression
  4. Suicide
  5. Eating disorders
  6. Overweight
  7. Risky sexual behavior
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18
Q

What are the 3 common health problems in young adults?

A

STIs, substance abuse and IPV, and obesity

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19
Q

What are centenarians?

A

People >100

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20
Q

What are common health problems of the aging adult?

A
  1. Chronic health conditions
  2. Alzheimer’s
  3. Osteoporosis
  4. Polypharmacy
  5. Depression
  6. Elder abuse
  7. Ageism
21
Q

What are instrumental activities of daily living? (IADLs)

A

Activities needed to maintain one’s immediate environment (I.e shopping, housekeeping , using telephone, etc.)

22
Q

What are the 4 psychosocial development theories of older adults?

A
  1. Disengagement theory
  2. Activity theory
  3. Havinghurst’s theory
  4. Psychosocial development theory
23
Q

What does Havighurst’s developmental task theory theorize?

A

Learning is a lifelong process. Failure to mastery task can lead to imbalance in difficult he mastering feature tasks and interacting with other.

24
Q

Who created the psychoanalytic theory that believes that human development is maintained by instinctual drives?

A

Freud

25
Q

Who’s theory stated that the stages of faith development are closely associated with evolving cognitive abilities?

A

Fowlers spiritual development theory

26
Q

Carol Gilligan talked about three different stages in her moral development theory. What are they?

A

Caring for oneself, caring for others, caring for self and others

27
Q

What is Lawrence Kohlberg’s moral development theory about?

A

Moral reasoning appears to be somewhat age related and moral development is based someone’s ability to think at progressively higher levels

28
Q

What is stage 1 in Erickson’s psychosocial development and what happens in this stage?

A
  • Trust VS mistrust.

- If needs are dependably met, infants develop a sense of basic trust.

29
Q

What is stage 2 in Erickson’s psychosocial development and what happens in this stage?

A
  • Autonomy VS shame/doubt

- toddlers learn to exercise will and do things for themselves, or they doubt their abilities.

30
Q

What is stage 3 in Erickson’s psychosocial development and what happens in this stage

A
  • initiative VS guilt

- Preschoolers learn to initiate tasks and carry out plans, or they feel guilty about efforts to be independent.

31
Q

What is stage 4 in Erickson’s psychosocial development and what happens in this stage

A

Industry versus inferiority.

Children learn the pleasure of applying themselves to tasks, or they feel inferior.

32
Q

What is stage 5 in Erickson’s psychosocial development and what happens in this stage

A

Identity VS confusion.
Teenagers work at refining a sense of self by testing roles and then integrating them to form a single identity, or they become confused about who they are.

33
Q

What is stage 6 in Erickson’s psychosocial development and what happens in this stage

A

Intimacy VS isolation.
Young adults struggle to form close relationships and to gain the capacity for intimate love, or they feel socially isolated.

34
Q

What is stage 7 in Erickson’s psychosocial development and what happens in this stage

A

Generativity VS stagnation
The middle age discover a sense of contributing to the world, usually through family and work, or they may feel a lack of purpose.

35
Q

What is stage 8 in Erickson’s psychosocial development and what happens in this stage

A

Integrity VS despair.

When reflecting on his or her life, the older adult may feel a sense of satisfaction or failure.

36
Q

What are safety interventions for the school age child?

A

Seatbelts and helmets

37
Q

How often should Adolescents have a general health exam?

A

Every 2 years

38
Q

What 3 patterns should be assessed in the adolescent?

A

Activity and exercise, sleep, and sexual patterns.

39
Q

What vaccine is recommended for the adolescent 11-12 years?

A

HPV

40
Q

How many hours of sleep should an adolescent get for maximum performance in academics and sports?

A

8

41
Q

What should be assessed in a young adults physical exam?

A

Physical health, mental health, and lifestyle like nutrition, exercise, sleep, and use of tobacco, alcohol, and drugs.

*pelvic exam should be included for women

42
Q

What are 4 teaching topics for the middle age adult?

A

Nutrition, exercise, immunizations, and home safety.

43
Q

What is aphasia?

A

Loss of ability to understand or express speech, caused by brain damage

44
Q

What is apraxia?

A

Difficulty or lack of ability to make certain movements even though msls are normal as a result of brain damage

45
Q

What is agnosia?

A

Inability to recognize and identify objects or persons

46
Q

What 4 physical activities are recommended by the CDC for the young old adult ?

A
  • Regular aerobic physical activity
  • Muscle strengthening activities
  • Balance promoting activities
  • Adapted physical activities
47
Q

What 3 things do middle old adults need in order to maintain physically active?

A

Encouragement, support, and planned program of limited activity progressing to optimal function.

48
Q

What are 3 interventions for the oldest old adult?

A

Supportive environment, modified adapted activity, and nutrition.

Fundamentals (11 decks)

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