Oxygenation Flashcards
Pathology of asthma
bronchospasm
inflammation
increased secretions
Asthma triggers
hypersensitivity URI exercise air pollutants resp infections GERD
Asthma Symptoms
Cough Increased mucous SOB Wheezing & prolonged expiration Increased co2, retention Chest tightness Retractions Tripod
Hypoxemia s/s
Tachycardia
Increased restlessness
Tachypnea
Asthma diagnostic
H&P
Eosinophils <4% for healthy pt
ABGs
Bronchial provocation test - uses cold air or histamine to provoke attack
Skin test
Chest x-ray to reveal hyperinflation or rule out other causes
Asthma tx
SABA (short acting beta2 agonist)
Corticosteroids
COPD includes…
emphysema and chronic bronchitis
COPD symptoms
easily fatigued frequent resp infections use of accessory muscles to breathe long and thin wheezing purse lipped breathing chronic cough barrel chest dyspnea prolonged expiratory time digital clubbing
Emphysema
Affects aveoli
abnormal distention of air spaces causing dead space and impaired oxygenation
overstretched tissue cannot contract “trapped air”
Leads to impaired blood flow
Causes hypoxemia
Increased artery pressure may cause right sided heart failure (cor pulmonale)
Emphysema think of
Lucielle Ball in chocolate factory
Emphysema s/s
"Pink Puffer" Increased co2 minimal cyanosis purse lip breathing dyspnea hyperresonance on chest percussion orthopneic barrel chest exertional dyspnea prolonged expiratory time speaks in short, jerky sentences anxiety use of accessory muscles think appearance, clubbed fingers
Emphysema risk factors
smoking, pollution, male, genetics, increased age (50s)
Emphysema interventions
Bronchodilators and cortico reduce irritants "huff coughing" chest physiotherapy breathing exercises oxygen use
Chronic bronchitis s/s
overweight / cyanotic elevated hemoglobin peripheral edema rhonci / wheezing airway flow problem color dusky to cyanotic recurrent cough & increased sputum hypoxia hypercapnia resp acidosis increased resp rate exertional dyspnea increased in smokers digital clubbing cardiac enlargement use of accessory muscles to breathe right hearted failure - bilateral pedal edema, increased JVD
Acute Resp Distress s/s
sudden progressive pulmonary edema with bilateral lung infiltrates, hypoxemia, and decreased lung compliance
