Growth & Development Flashcards

1
Q

What is Regression?

A

The most common coping mechanism of all ages. Begins within hours of hospitalization.

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2
Q

How to treat regression?

A

Do not punish but focus on rewarding positive behavior.

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3
Q

Phases of separation anxiety

A

Protest
Despair
Denial aka detachment

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4
Q

Characteristics of protest

A

become aggressive physically - biting, clinging, scratching. considered proof of child-parent caring relationship

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5
Q

characteristics of despair

A

depression, withdrawn, loss of interest in play. parents might see this as child adjusting well.

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6
Q

characteristics of denial

A

detach from parents and form attachments to strangers.

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7
Q

Interventions for separation anxiety

A

parent education
same nurse assigned to child (if possible)
parents not sneak out when asleep, be honest when leaving
provide security objects and toys
give timeframe to look forward to when parents will return

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8
Q

Post hospital behaviors

A
7-10 days from discharge
nightmares, anorexia
fear
anxiety
immobility
peer separation
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9
Q

3 types of failure to thrive

A

organic
non-organic
idiopathic

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10
Q

Interventions for failure to thrive

A

24 hour food diary
tests to determine issues (lead, anemia, zinc, stool parasite)
goal - provide sufficient calories for catchup growth

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11
Q

Positive plagiocephali

A

on back too long

assymetrical head, occipital flattens, transient bald spot

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12
Q

Reasons for failure to thrive

A

inability to suck swallow
spinal / neuro / reflex abnormalities
GI symptoms, metabolism, neglect / abuse, lack of maternal interaction, POVERTY

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13
Q

Types of cerebral palsy

A

Spastic - rigid, stiff limbs, poor head control, arched back, low muscle tone (hypotonia)
Ataxia - high stepping, scissoring of legs
Mixed - combination of 2 or more
Apatoid - jerking, twitching, abnormal involuntary mvoement

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14
Q

Phenobarbital

A

long half life, daily dose 10-40 therapeutic level

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15
Q

Depakote therapeutic range

A

50-125

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16
Q

Dilantin thera range

A

10-20 for children & adults

8-15 for neo-nates

17
Q

Trust vs mistrust

A

birth to 1 year

18
Q

Autonomy vs shame and doubt

A

1-3 years

19
Q

Intiative vs Guilt

A

3-6 years

20
Q

Industry vs inferiority

A

6-12 years

21
Q

Identity vs Identity Diffusion

A

12-18 years

22
Q

Stressors Birth to 1 year

A

4-6 months recognizes separate from mother

7 months stranger anxiety

23
Q

Stressors 1-3 years

A

Separation anxiety
Change in routine
Loss of mobility
INABILITY TO COMMUNICATE

24
Q

Stressors 3-6 years

A

Bodily injury
Unfamiliar environment
Fear of punishment

25
Q

Stressors 6-12 years

A

Immobilization
Loss of control
Threats to modesty
Fear of death

26
Q

Stressors 12-18 years

A

Threats to body image
Dependency on parents
Lack of privacy
Peer separation