Oxygenation

Question 1

Ventilation

Answer 1

The process of moving gases into and out of the lungs.

Question 2

Perfusion

Answer 2

The ability of the cardiovascular system to pump oxygenated blood to the tissues and return deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

Question 3

Work of breathing (WOB)

Answer 3

The effort required to expand and contract the lungs.

Question 4

Inspiration

Answer 4

An active process, stimulated by chemical receptors in the aorta.

Question 5

Expiration

Answer 5

Passive Process that depends on the elastic recoil properties of the lungs.

Question 6

Surfactant

Answer 6

A chemical produced in the lungs to maintain the surface tension of the alveoli and keep them from collapsing.

Question 7

Atelectasis

Answer 7

Collapse of the alveoli.

Question 8

Lung Volumes

Answer 8

Tidal-amt of air exhaled after normal inspiration
Residual-amt of air left in the alveoli after a full expiration.
Forced vital capacity-maximum amt of air that can be removed from the lungs during forced expiration.

Question 9

Pulmonary Circulation

Answer 9

Begins at the pulmonary artery, which receives poorly oxygenated blood from the right ventricle. Gas exchange occurs, oxygen rich blood then circulates to the left atrium. DRLL=Deoxygenated Right, Lungs Left.

Question 10

Regulation of Respiration

Answer 10

Cerebral cortex

Question 11

Compliance

Answer 11

The ability of the lungs to distend or expand in response to intraalveolar pressure.

Question 12

Carbon Dioxide Transport

Answer 12

CO2 diffuses into red blood cells and is rapidly hydrated into carbonic acid. The carbonic acid dissociates into Hydrogen and bicarbonate ions. Hemoglobin buffers the hydrogen ion and the HCO3 diffuses in the plasma. Reduced hemoglobin combines with CO2, and the venous blood transports the majority of CO2 back to the lungs to be exhaled.

Question 13

Cardiac Output (CO0

Answer 13

Stroke volume(SV) x Heart rate (HR)

Question 14

Preload

Answer 14

The amt of blood in the left ventricle at the end of diastole .

Question 15

afterload

Answer 15

the resistance to left ventricular ejection.

Question 16

Contractility

Answer 16

The rate the heart contracts,

Question 17

Stroke Volume

Answer 17

The volume of blood pumped from one ventricle of the heart with each beat.

Question 18

Manifestations of hyperventilation

Answer 18

rapid respirations, sighing breaths, numbness, tingling of hands/feet, light-headedness, loss of consciousness.

Question 19

Manifestations of hypoventilation

Answer 19

mental status changes, dysrhythmias, potential cardiac arrest.

Question 20

Manifestations of hypoxemia

Answer 20

cyanosis of the tongue, soft palate, and conjunctiva of the eye,

Question 21

Disturbances in conduction

Answer 21

Electrical impulses that do not originate at the SA node (dysrhythmias)

Question 22

altered cardiac output

Answer 22

Failure of the myocardium to eject sufficient volume to the systemic and pulmonary circulations occurs in heart failure (left sided affects lungs, right sided affects body)

Question 23

impaired valvular function

Answer 23

Includes disease of the cardiac valve which causes either hardening (stenosis) or impaired closure (regurgitation) Causes murmurs.

Question 24

myocardial ischemia

Answer 24

Supply of blood to the myocardium from the coronary arteries is insufficient,. Results in angina pectoris or MI.

Question 25

impaired tissue perfusion

Answer 25

not getting enough oxygen to tissues of the body,

Question 26

Dyspnea

Answer 26

Difficult or uncomfortable breathing. (hypoxia)

Question 27

Orthopnea

Answer 27

Person breaths easier while sitting or propped up.

Question 28

5 manifestations that occur with alterations in Oxygenation

Answer 28

Activity intolerance, Decreased cardiac output, Fatigue, Impaired gas exchange, Impaired spontaneous ventilation.

Question 29

Methods of O2 delivery

Answer 29

nasal cannula, o2 mask, Home o2, CPR

Question 30

Nursing Interventions

Answer 30

proper positioning, deep breath and cough, humidification, hydration, nebulization, suctioning.

Question 31

Safe O2 administration

Answer 31

must be prescribed, place oxygen in use sign up, keep 10 ft from open flames, secure cylinders so they don’t fall over.