oxygenation

Question 1

respiratory acidosis

Answer 1

lungs retain CO2
ph < 7.35 PaCO2 > 45

Question 2

respiratory acidosis causes

Answer 2

HYPOVENTILATION
pneumonia
copd
trauma
asthma attack
overdose
alcohol intoxication
post op
sleep apnea

Question 3

respiratory acidosis s/s

Answer 3

decreased RR
restlessness
confusion
tremors
sleepy
cyanosis
dizziness

Question 4

respiratory acidosis interventions

Answer 4

O2
semi fowlers
increase fluids
medications
resp. Tx

Question 5

respiratory alkalosis

Answer 5

lungs lose CO2, not enough
pH >7.35 PaCO2 <35

Question 6

respiratory alkalosis causes

Answer 6

HYPERVENTILATION
increased temp
aspirin toxicity
anxiety (panic attack)
pain

Question 7

respiratory alkalosis s/s

Answer 7

chvosteks sign (facial twitching)
increased HR
confusion LOC
tremors (finger cramps)

Question 8

respiratory alkalosis interventions

Answer 8

**rebreathe in paper bag
anxiety meds to decrease RR
fix breathing problem
calcium gluconate

Question 9

metabolic acidosis

Answer 9

too little base (Alk)

Question 10

metabolic acidosis causes

Answer 10

‘assidosis’ — DIARRHEA
renal failure
starvation
DKA

Question 11

metabolic acidosis s/s

Answer 11

decreased BP
fruity breath
lethargy
kussmal respirations
increased K, dysrhythmias
N/V

Question 12

metabolic acidosis interventions

Answer 12

assess LOC
I+O’s
seizure precautions

Question 13

metabolic alkalosis

Answer 13

too much base; loss of acid

Question 14

metabolic alkalosis causes

Answer 14

‘elkalosis’ — vomitting
NGT suctioning

Question 15

metabolic alkalosis s/s

Answer 15

decreased Ca and K
muscle cramps, dysrhythmias
seizures
tingling, numbness

Question 16

metabolic alkalosis interventions

Answer 16

monitor Ca and K
seizure precautions
diuretics

Question 17

early symptoms of hypoxia

Answer 17

R estlessness
A nxiety
T achycardia

Question 18

late symptoms of hypoxia

Answer 18

B radycardia
E xtreme restlessness
D yspnea

Question 19

PEDS symptoms of hypoxia

Answer 19

F eeding difficulty
I nspiratory stridor
N ares flares
E xpiratory grunt
S ternal retractions

Question 20

6 P’s of dyspnea

Answer 20

possible foreign body
pulmonary embolus (clot)
pneumonia
pump failure
pneumothorax
pulmonary bronchial constriction

Question 21

pneumothorax

Answer 21

air outside of the lung but in the pleural cavity

Question 22

kussmals respirations

Answer 22

rapid and deep breathing

fruity acetone breath
diabetes

Question 23

cheyne stokes respirations

Answer 23

‘death rattle’
(one breath, rapid, no breath)

Question 24

biots respirations

Answer 24

irregular

Question 25

tachypnea

Answer 25

fast breathing

Question 26

bradypnea

Answer 26

slow breathing

Question 27

rhonchi

Answer 27

cough changes the sound

due to mucus
ex: COPD

Question 28

crackles

Answer 28

fluid base of lungs

ex: pneumonia

Question 29

wheezing

Answer 29

closed airway

ex: asthma

Question 30

when is hematocrit increased?

Answer 30

chronic hypoxia

Question 31

chronic bronchitis main issue

Answer 31

inflammation of bronchioles and excessive mucus production

Question 32

V/Q mismatch found in

Answer 32

chronic bronchitis

decreased ventilation
increased perfusion

Question 33

chronic bronchitis known as

Answer 33

‘blue bloaters’

cyanosis
increased lung volume
eventual edema

Question 34

chronic bronchitis s/s

Answer 34

chronic productive cough
SOB
edema
cyanosis

Question 35

emphysema main issue

Answer 35

damage to alveolar sacs (lose elasticity)
“air trapping”

Question 36

matched V/Q found in

Answer 36

emphysema

decreased ventilation
decreased perfusion

Question 37

emphysema known as

Answer 37

“pink puffers”

barrel chest
hyperventilation

Question 38

emphysema s/s

Answer 38

SOB
hyperventilation
weight loss
barrel chest