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MS exam 1 > immunity > Flashcards

immunity Flashcards

1
Q

what is HIV human immunodeficiency virus?

A

retrovirus; causes immonosupression

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2
Q

HIV interventions

A

vaccines
antiretroviral drugs (ART therapy) lifelong
support groups
ELISA test (detects antibodies)

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3
Q

HIV causes

A

unprotected sex
shared needles
drug use
blood transfusions
bodily fluid exposure

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4
Q

HIV s/s

A

flu-like symptoms
fever, headache
weakness, fatigue
facial palsy
decreased immunity
swollen lymph nodes
sore throat
joint pain

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5
Q

Tcells CD4 normal count

A

800-1200

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6
Q

CD4 count that immune problems begin

A

under 500

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7
Q

CD4 AIDS diagnosis amount

A

under 200

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8
Q

increased viral load decreased CD4

A

BAD

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9
Q

decreased viral load and increased CD4

A

GOOD

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10
Q

decreased viral load means?

A

less active and decreased risk of infection

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11
Q

ART therapy

A

lifelong medications
reduces viral load by 90-99%

test viral load 2-4 weeks after starting meds

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12
Q

post exposure prophylaxis (PEP)

A

decreases risk by 80%
start antiretrovirals asap
take for atleast 4 weeks
return for HIV testing 4-6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months

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13
Q

main cause of death in HIV patients

A

opportunistic diseases
seen 2-4 weeks after infected (usually misdiagnosed)

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14
Q

what is SLE systemic lupus?

A

multisystem inflammatory auntoimmune disease

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15
Q

SLE causes

A

environment
race - asian
oral contraceptives
family Hx
stress

all effect flare ups

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16
Q

SLE s/s

A

butterfly rash
alopecia
swollen lymph nodes
photosensitivity
polyarthritis
numb + cold fingers
renal and liver issues
decreased immunity

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17
Q

SLE labs / diagnostic tests

A

BUN and creatinine
ESR
CRP
AST ALT - liver

18
Q

who is at risk for SLE?

A

women 20-40 years old

19
Q

SLE interventions

A

NSAIDS
corticosteroids
support groups
antimalarial drugs

avoid pregnancy during flare up
reduce UV exposure

20
Q

what is rheumatoid arthritis?

A

autoimmune inflammation

21
Q

rheumatoid arthritis causes

A

age 40-60
obesity
gender (women)
family Hx
smoking
gum disease

22
Q

rheumatoid arthritis s/s

A

joint pain
weight loss
depression
deformities
morning stiffness
bleeding gums

23
Q

rheumatoid arthritis labs/ diagnostic tests

A

bone scan
xray
rheumatoid factor
C reactive protein
liver and kidney function

24
Q

rheumatoid arthritis interventions

A

hot+ cold therapy
decrease joint use
corticosteroids for flare
NSAIDS (pain relief)
DMARDS - disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (slows progression)
methotrexate

25
Q

humoral immunity

A

production of antibodies

26
Q

IgG

A

crosses placental border

27
Q

IgE

A

allergic reaction symptoms

2nd exposure causes anaphylaxis

28
Q

IgM

A

primary immune response

29
Q

neutrophils

A

6-12 hrs
first to arrive to injured site

30
Q

macrophages

A

3-7 days
eat up ‘rust’

31
Q

lymphocytes

A

later
cell mediated immunity

32
Q

optimal immune response

A

protect body from invasion of microorganisms and other antigens

prevents infection

33
Q

hypersensitivity immune response

A

over exaggeration, loses ability to differentiate between self and non self

allergic reaction, bee sting, RA, SLE

34
Q

suppressed immune response

A

state of immunodeficiency

35
Q

suppressed immune response s/s

A

frequent infections
poor wound healing
fatigue
malaise
weight loss

36
Q

suppressed immune response findings

A

chronic wounds
enlarged lymph nodes

37
Q

C-reactive protein CRP

A

liver response to inflammation

will be increased

38
Q

ESR

A

indicates inflammation

will be increased

39
Q

rheumatoid factor

A

attacks healthy body

presence of RF in blood indicates autoimmune disease

40
Q

diagnostic tests for HIV

A

ELISA
western dot

MS exam 1 (7 decks)

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