immunity (final) Flashcards
what is HIV human immunodeficiency virus?
retrovirus; causes immonosupression
HIV interventions
vaccines
antiretroviral drugs (ART therapy) lifelong
support groups
ELISA test (detects antibodies)
HIV causes
unprotected sex
shared needles
drug use
blood transfusions
bodily fluid exposure
HIV s/s
flu-like symptoms
fever, headache
weakness, fatigue
facial palsy
decreased immunity
swollen lymph nodes
sore throat
joint pain
Tcells CD4 normal count
800-1200
CD4 count that immune problems begin
under 500
CD4 AIDS diagnosis amount
under 200
increased viral load decreased CD4
BAD
decreased viral load and increased CD4
GOOD
decreased viral load means?
less active and decreased risk of infection
ART therapy
lifelong medications
reduces viral load by 90-99%
test viral load 2-4 weeks after starting meds
post exposure prophylaxis (PEP)
decreases risk by 80%
start antiretrovirals asap
take for atleast 4 weeks
return for HIV testing 4-6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months
main cause of death in HIV patients
opportunistic diseases
seen 2-4 weeks after infected (usually misdiagnosed)
what is SLE systemic lupus?
multisystem inflammatory auntoimmune disease
SLE causes
environment
race - asian
oral contraceptives
family Hx
stress
all effect flare ups
SLE s/s
butterfly rash
alopecia
swollen lymph nodes
photosensitivity
polyarthritis
numb + cold fingers
renal and liver issues
decreased immunity
SLE labs / diagnostic tests
BUN and creatinine
ESR
CRP
AST ALT - liver
who is at risk for SLE?
women 20-40 years old
SLE interventions
NSAIDS
corticosteroids
support groups
antimalarial drugs
avoid pregnancy during flare up
reduce UV exposure
what is rheumatoid arthritis?
autoimmune inflammation
rheumatoid arthritis causes
age 40-60
obesity
gender (women)
family Hx
smoking
gum disease
rheumatoid arthritis s/s
joint pain
weight loss
depression
deformities
morning stiffness
bleeding gums
rheumatoid arthritis labs/ diagnostic tests
bone scan
xray
rheumatoid factor
C reactive protein
liver and kidney function
rheumatoid arthritis interventions
hot+ cold therapy
decrease joint use
corticosteroids for flare
NSAIDS (pain relief)
DMARDS - disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (slows progression)
methotrexate
humoral immunity
production of antibodies
IgG
crosses placental border
IgE
allergic reaction symptoms
2nd exposure causes anaphylaxis
IgM
primary immune response
neutrophils
6-12 hrs
first to arrive to injured site
macrophages
3-7 days
eat up ‘rust’
lymphocytes
later
cell mediated immunity
optimal immune response
protect body from invasion of microorganisms and other antigens
prevents infection
hypersensitivity immune response
over exaggeration, loses ability to differentiate between self and non self
allergic reaction, bee sting, RA, SLE
suppressed immune response
state of immunodeficiency
suppressed immune response s/s
frequent infections
poor wound healing
fatigue
malaise
weight loss
suppressed immune response findings
chronic wounds
enlarged lymph nodes
C-reactive protein CRP
liver response to inflammation
will be increased
ESR
indicates inflammation
will be increased
rheumatoid factor
attacks healthy body
presence of RF in blood indicates autoimmune disease
diagnostic tests for HIV
ELISA
western dot
