nutrition (final) Flashcards
malnutrition interventions
increase calorie and protein
daily weights
between meal supplements
appetitie stimulants
NG, PEG, jejunostomy
TPN
total parental nutrition
central venous catheter - STERILE
extended period of intensive nutritional support
high concentrations of proteins and dextrose
PPN
partial parental nutrition
peripheral IV access
can tolerate some oral feedings
lipid emulsion + amino acid - dextrose solutions
enteral feedings
preferred method
NG / G tube
less than 5-10 days
how is gut integrity maintained?
thru enteral feedings
minimizes sepsis
parental RF
heart failure
diabetes
electrolyte disorders
pulmonary disease
how often should you check the infusion rate?
every 30 minutes
never increase or decrease infusion rate
great indicator of obesity
waist circumference
>40’ in men
>35’ in women
primary obesity
greater calories than expenditure
secondary obesity
congenital
can be due to meds
consequences of obesity
adipocytes
increase in fat mass
adipocytes consequences
insulin resistance
cancers
decreased immunity
atherosclerosis
leptin
suppresses appetite
increases fat metabolism
ghrelin
secreted in hypothalamus
regulates appetite thru inhibition of leptin
nutritional therapy
fruits and veggies
sufficient protein
bulk to prevent constipation
oatmeal, whole grains, broccoli, grapefruit, fish, almonds, spinach, carrots
metabolic syndrome
closely linked to overweight or obesity and inactivity
metabolic syndrome RF
age
ethnicity
obesity
diabetes
metabolic syndrome prevention
no smoking
eat veggies, fruits, lean protein
limit salt and saturated fats
30 mins of physical activity daily
restrictive procedure
less food eaten
malabsorptive procedure
small intestine is shortened and bypass so less food is absorbed
preoperative care bariatric surgery
larger gown
larger BP cuff
practice cough and deep breathing
incentive spirometer
postoperative care bariatric surgery
careful diet transition
early ambulation
turning pt
reduced intake due to anatomy changes
30mL q2hrs water/ clear liquids
adjustable gastric banding AGB
uses band to create gastric pouch
sleeve gastrectomy
sleeve shaped stomach; removes 75% of stomach
biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) w/ duodenal switch
anastomosis between stomach and intestine
roux-en-Y gastric bypass
gastric pouch with Y - shaped outlet of small intestine
diet after bariatric surgery
increased protein liquid diet
decreased carbs and fat
6 small feedings a day
fluid less than 1000 mL per day
