Oxygenation Flashcards
Upper respiratory tract
Nose mouth pharynx larynx trachea
lower respiratory tract
Bronchi bronchioles arterioles pulmonary capillaries veins
Antitussives
Suppress the cough reflex
Decongestants
Decrease the blood flow to the upper respiratory tract and over production of secretion
Antihisatamines
Block the release of histamine that increases secretion and narrows airways
Expectorants
Increase productive cough to clear the airways
Mucolytics
Increase or liquefy respiratory secretions to aid clearing of the airways
Antitussives- Use
Symptomatic relief of non productive cough
NOT for chronic use
Antitussives Action
Suppress cough by CNS depressants (opiates- codeine and hydrocodiene)
Antitussives Contraindication
Hypersensitivity, head injury or impaired CNS
Antitussives Adverse Effects
Sedation, nausea, vomiting, lightheadedness, GI upset, constipation, dry mouth, potential for abuse
Antitussives Monitor
Respiratory and cough assessment, LOC, monitor use, bowel elimination
Antitussives Manage
Maintain fluid intake 1500/2000 ml a day
Humidify air during sleep
Antitussives Teach
Teach pt to take medication at bedtime
Nasal Decongestants
Can be adrenergic agonists/ sympathomimetics or steroids
Nasal Decongestants Adrenergic
Constrict small blood vessels that supply the UR structures
For acute
Nasal Decongestants Steroids
Anti inflammatory effect results in decreased congestion
Chronic issues due to taking a week to see effects in pt
Nasal Decongestants Adverse Effects
Local stinging and burning Rebound congestion Sympathomimetic effects
Nasal Decongestants Monitor
•Monitor VS: Blood pressure can become elevated
•Observe color of secretions
Nasal Decongestants Manage
•Maintain fluid intake
•Read label on OTC drugs (especially elderly)
Nasal Decongestants Teach
•Avoid pollutants, smoking, and dust
•Teach patient how to administer nasal spray
How to Administer Nasal Decongestants
1.Have patient sit upright. Blow nose before administering nasal spray.
2.Press one nostril closed. Place tip of bottle 1/2 inch into the open nostril.
3.Firmly squeeze the bottle to deliver the medication.
First generation antihistamine
Sedative medications
Ex: diphenhydramine aka Benadryl