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Unit Two Exam- NRN 170 > Oxygenation > Flashcards

Oxygenation Flashcards

1
Q

Upper respiratory tract

A

Nose mouth pharynx larynx trachea

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2
Q

lower respiratory tract

A

Bronchi bronchioles arterioles pulmonary capillaries veins

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3
Q

Antitussives

A

Suppress the cough reflex

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4
Q

Decongestants

A

Decrease the blood flow to the upper respiratory tract and over production of secretion

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5
Q

Antihisatamines

A

Block the release of histamine that increases secretion and narrows airways

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6
Q

Expectorants

A

Increase productive cough to clear the airways

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7
Q

Mucolytics

A

Increase or liquefy respiratory secretions to aid clearing of the airways

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8
Q

Antitussives- Use

A

Symptomatic relief of non productive cough
NOT for chronic use

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9
Q

Antitussives Action

A

Suppress cough by CNS depressants (opiates- codeine and hydrocodiene)

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10
Q

Antitussives Contraindication

A

Hypersensitivity, head injury or impaired CNS

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11
Q

Antitussives Adverse Effects

A

Sedation, nausea, vomiting, lightheadedness, GI upset, constipation, dry mouth, potential for abuse

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12
Q

Antitussives Monitor

A

Respiratory and cough assessment, LOC, monitor use, bowel elimination

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13
Q

Antitussives Manage

A

Maintain fluid intake 1500/2000 ml a day
Humidify air during sleep

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14
Q

Antitussives Teach

A

Teach pt to take medication at bedtime

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15
Q

Nasal Decongestants

A

Can be adrenergic agonists/ sympathomimetics or steroids

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16
Q

Nasal Decongestants Adrenergic

A

Constrict small blood vessels that supply the UR structures
For acute

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17
Q

Nasal Decongestants Steroids

A

Anti inflammatory effect results in decreased congestion
Chronic issues due to taking a week to see effects in pt

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18
Q

Nasal Decongestants Adverse Effects

A

Local stinging and burning Rebound congestion Sympathomimetic effects

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19
Q

Nasal Decongestants Monitor

A

•Monitor VS: Blood pressure can become elevated
•Observe color of secretions

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20
Q

Nasal Decongestants Manage

A

•Maintain fluid intake
•Read label on OTC drugs (especially elderly)

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21
Q

Nasal Decongestants Teach

A

•Avoid pollutants, smoking, and dust
•Teach patient how to administer nasal spray

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22
Q

How to Administer Nasal Decongestants

A

1.Have patient sit upright. Blow nose before administering nasal spray.
2.Press one nostril closed. Place tip of bottle 1/2 inch into the open nostril.
3.Firmly squeeze the bottle to deliver the medication.

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23
Q

First generation antihistamine

A

Sedative medications
Ex: diphenhydramine aka Benadryl

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24
Q

Second generation Antihistamine

A

Does not have as strong of sedative effects as first gen
Ex: loratadine

25
Q

Antihistamines

A

Selectively block the effects of histamine at H1 receptor sites

26
Q

Antihistamine Adverse Effects

A

Anticholinergic, drowsiness and sedation, Renal and hepatic impairment

27
Q

Monitor Antihistamines

A

•Monitor level of sedation
•Fall risk

28
Q

Manage Antihistamines

A

•Administer 1h before or 2 h after meals to increase absorption
•if GI upset = give with meals but it can affect absorption on medication
•Safety measures (CNS effects)
fall risk bracelet bed alarm call light

29
Q

Antihistamines Teach/ Evaluate

A

•Avoid alcohol
•Ways to treat side effects:
•Mouth care, sugarless candy
•Increase humidity &
fluids
•Void before each dose

30
Q

Antihistamine Considerations Elderly

A

Elderly
•Higher risk for dizziness, unsteady gait, confusion
•Usually need a lower dose

31
Q

Antihistamine Consideration Pediatrics

A

Pediatrics
•May experience drowsiness with first few doses then CNS stimulation with repeated use.
•That is called paradoxical reaction!

32
Q

Expectorants

A

•Drugs that aid in the expectoration (removal) of mucus by liquefying secretions, decreasing viscosity
•Used for to increase productive coughs
Ex: Mucinex (guafenisin)
Should not be used longer than a week

33
Q

Expectorants Adverse Effects

A

GI symptoms, headache, dizziness, N/V, loss of appetite

34
Q

Nursing Interventions Expectorants

A

Encourage patient to eat small and frequent meals, avoid driving or any activities that require a lot of concentration

35
Q

Mucolytics

A

•React directly with mucus (break the strands) to make it thinner and more easily expectorated
•Given by nebulizer to liquefy viscosity of secretions

36
Q

Acetylcysteine

A

Antidote for acetaminophen overdose

37
Q

Side effects of Mucolytics

A

Bronchoconstriction, chest tightness, N/V

38
Q

Lower Respiratory Tract Medications

A

Bronchodialators ( Sympathomimetics/ Adrenergic Agonists, Anticholinergic, Xanthines), Corticosteroids

39
Q

Sympathomimetics
(Beta agonist Bronchodialators)
Use

A

•Acute asthma attack
•Bronchospasm in acute or chronic asthma •Prevention of exercise induced ast

40
Q

Sympathomimetics
(Beta agonist Bronchodialators)
Action

A

Bronchodilation (B2 Receptor agonist)

41
Q

Sympathomimetics
(Beta agonist Bronchodialators)
Adverse Effects

A

Increased BP HR ( adrenergic effects)

42
Q

Salmetrol (Severent Diskus)

A

Long acting drug with slow onset of action for prevention ONLY not for acute asthma attacks

43
Q

Levalbuterol (Xopenex)

A

Less beta1 effects so it causes less cardiac adverse effects

44
Q

Epinenephrine (EpiPen)

A

SQ to rest acute bronchospasm, allergic reaction

45
Q

Albuterol

A

Very common medication to treat acute asthma attacks with bronchospasm or constriction, helps dilate the airway to provide more air to get in

46
Q

Ipratropium and tiotropium classification

A

Anticholinergic Bronchodilators

47
Q

Anticholinergic

A

Used for bronchospasm maintenance, long term use, usually used in conjunction with another bronchodilator, relaxes smooth muscle in bronchi

48
Q

Anticholinergic Contraindications

A

narrow angle glaucoma, BPH (benign prostatic hytrophy)

49
Q

Anticholinergic Adverse Effects

A

Nervousness, tachycardia, N/V, headache, difficulty urinating, constipation, dry mouth

50
Q

Xanthines

A

Direct effect on the smooth muscles of the respiratory tract and blood vessels.
Symptomatic relief or prevention of bronchial asthma

51
Q

Xanthines prototypes

A

theophylline (Slo-bid, Theodur)
•aminophylline (Somophyllin) IV use
*requires frequent monitoring

52
Q

Xanthines Adverse Effects

A

Seizures (late sign of toxicity)
Tachydysrhymias, angina, hypotension, palpitation, N/V,diarrhea ( early sign of toxicity)

53
Q

Xanthines Monitor

A

Monitor serum theophylline level (10-20 mcg/ml)
•Levels are drawn after first dose
•Monitor HR, BP,RR (stay WNLs)
•ECG for rhythm changes

54
Q

Xanthines Manage

A

•There is no antidote for xanthine, so standard first aid measures must be used (charcoal, emesis, gastric lavage) if pt is toxic
•Smokers usually need higher dosages to maintain therapeutic level

55
Q

Xanthines Teach/Evaluate

A

•Report the first sign of cardiac disturbances
•Give in the daytime
•Avoid excessive caffeine and chocolate intake
•Do not crush or alter dosage form
•Take with milk or food if GI distress

56
Q

Corticosteroids

A

•Used for chronic asthma
•Do not relieve symptoms of acute asthma attacks
•Oral or inhaled forms
•Inhaled forms reduce systemic effects
•May take several weeks before full effects are seen

57
Q

Examples of Inhaled Corticosteroids

A

Budesonide (Pulmacort Flexhaler)
Fluticasone(Flovent, Flonase)
Dexamethasone sodium phosphate

58
Q

Side effects of Inhaled Corticosteroids

A

•Sore throat
•Coughing
•Dry mouth
•Oral fungal infections ( have pt rinse before and after)
Growth impairment for pediatrics w long term use

Unit Two Exam- NRN 170 (4 decks)

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