Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards
Sympathetic Nervous System
“Flight or Fight”
Increases HR,RR,BP, pupil size, bronchi size
Adrenergic Agonist
Aka sympathomimetics
Mimic the effects of the sympathetic nervous system
Examples of Adrenergic Agoniss
Epinephrine and Dopamine
Use- Epinenephrine
Cardiac arrest, allergic reaction, hypotension, airway obstruction, ophthalmic preparations
Epinephrine Action
Stimulates both beta and alpha receptors
Epinephrine Contraindications
Hypersensitivity, cardiac dysrhythmias, hypertension and narrow angle glaucoma
Epinephrine Adverse Effects
restlessness, arrhythmia, tachycardia, HTN
Epinephrine Monitor
allergy, HR/BP, lung sounds
Epinephrine Manage
Administer quickly, light exposure, phentolamine (protects from damage that can be caused to the tissues if med comes out of the veins)
Epinephrine Teachings
Teach pt how to administer epinephrine in an emergency
Dopamine
Immediate precursor to norepinephrine to treat shock
Alpha and beta stimulant
Dopamine Causes
Abnormal heart beat, dyspnea, nausea, vomiting, headaches
Doses for Dopamine
Low- increase renal output
Low to moderate- cardiac effects
Higher dose- increase peripheral resistance, BP, cardiac effects and vasoconstriction to decrease renal function
Dopamine Monitor
Allergy, HR/BP, ECG, cardiac output, urine output
Dopamine Manage
Administer quickly, light exposure, phentolamine
Dopamine Teachings
Reason for medication, expected results, potential side effects
Beta adrenergic Blockers
Aka sympatholytics, beta blockers, adrenergic antagonists
Blocks the effects of the sympathetic nervous system
Beta Blocker Use
HTN,angina pectorals, tachyarhythmias,, tremor, prevent MI from reoccurring, glaucoma
Beta blocker action
Blocks beta adrenergic receptors
Beta blocker contraindications
Allergy, bradycardia or heart blocks, bronchospasm or acute asthma, pregnancy
Beta Blocker Adverse effects
Bradycardia, HF, hypotension, bronchospasms
Examples of Beta Adrenergic Blockers
-olol
Metoprolol (Lopressor)
Propranolol (Inderal)
Bethanolol
Beta Blocker Monitor
Vital Signs esp bradycardia (take apical pulse)
HOLD MED IF LOW BP
BS for hypoglycemia
Lung sounds, RR
Beta Blocker Manage
Sit at bed to allow BP to adjust before standing up
Comfort and safety measures
May not be effective in African American pt
Beta Blocker Teach
Potential side effects, move position slowly, do not abruptly stop taking, monitor blood sugar
Parasympathomimetics
Aka cholinergic agonists
Mimic the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system response rest and digest
Parasympathomimetics Use
increase bladder tone, urinary excretion, and GI secretions; induce miosis (pupil constriction)
Parasympathomimetics Action
Decreased HR, vasodilation
Increased tone and contractility in GI smooth muscle Relaxation of sphincters
Increased salivary gland and GI secretion
Increased bladder contraction
Increased respiratory secretion
Constriction of pupils (miosis)
Parasympathomimetics Contraindications
•GI/urinary tract obstruction
•Asthma
•CAD coronary artery disease
Parasympathomimetics Adverse Effects
•Cramps,
•Diarrhea,
•Excessive salivation
•Muscle weakness,
•Diff. breathing (s/s overdose)
Cholinergic Agonists Monitor
For contraindications
BP, HR,Heart and Lung sounds
• Bowel sounds, bladder
• Intake and Output
Cholinergic Agonists Manage
Administer PO meds on empty stomach
• Safety precautions – miosis
•Monitor I&O
•Antidote: atropine
Cholinergic Agonists Teach
•Proper administration of ophthalmic meds OR
• Taking PO meds on empty stomach
•Need for access to toileting
Parasympatholytics
Aka anticholinergic agents
Inhibits the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system
atropine
Common medication to give pt who are on hospice to decrease respiratory secretions in tract so labored breathings are less
Can also increase HR and BP
Parasympatholytics/Anticholinergic Agents Use
decrease GI activity, Ophthalmic (pupil dilation), bronchodilation, overactive bladder, symptomatic bradycardia, motion sickness
Parasympatholytics/Anticholinergic Agents Action
Block acetylcholine at receptor site
Increases HR, vasoconstriction
Decreased tone and contractility in GI smooth muscle Constriction of sphincters
Decreased salivary gland and GI secretion Decreased bladder contraction
Decreased respiratory secretion
Dilation of pupils (mydriasis)
Parasympatholytics/Anticholinergic Agents Contraindications
MI, glaucoma, tachycardia, GI obstruction, BPH, bladder obstruction
Parasympatholytics/Anticholinergic Agents Adverse Effects
Dilated Pupils
•Dry mouth
•Decrease GI/GU motility
Parasympatholytics/Anticholinergic Agents Monitor
•Contraindications
• BP, HR, Heart and Lung sounds
• Bowel sounds, bladder
•Intake and Output
•Pupils
Parasympatholytics/Anticholinergic Agents Manage
• Provide comfort measures to tolerate drug effects
• Ensure adequate fluid intake
Parasympatholytics/Anticholinergic Agents Teach
No OTC- WHY?
• Prevent heat exhaustion,
•Side effects 3D’s,
•Notify MDif urinary retention/constipation
Relaxation on a beach
-olol
Inhibits effects of SNS
Beta Blocker/Sympatholytic
“New York”
Fast pace stress response
Quick
Adrenergic Agonist, Sympathomimetics
a lot of urinary output
Stimulate PNS
Very wet secretions
“RAINFOREST”
Cholinergic, Parasympathomimetics
Dry up pt urinary output and GI
Dry mouth dry eyes
Can’t see can’t pee can’t poop can’t spit
“Desert”
Anti Cholinergic,Parasympatholytic
