Oxygenation Flashcards
Venturi mask O2 percentage
24,28,31,35,40,60
What are special considerations for a venturi mask
-the window of the venturi mask should not be covered
-you cannot use a humidifier, the mask humidifies the air already
High Flow O2 Percentage
10 L = 65%
15L = 90%
What is the max flow on High Flow
60L/min
What are special considerations for High Flow
Needs to be humidified
Non Rebreather oxygen percentages
10-15L = 80-95%
Special considerations for nonrebreather
Cannot use humidifier, causes “rain-out effect”
Fill the bag before putting on the patient
Simple face mask O2 percent
5-8L 40%-60%
Special considerations for simple face mask
May use a humidifier
Oxymizer Cannula (mustache/pendant) O2 percent
3-4x more concentration than in a nasal cannula
Special considerations with an oxymizer cannula?
Cannot use humidifier it causes a “rain out effect”
Nasal cannula oxygen percent
1-6L = 24-44%
Special considerations for nasal cannula
humidifier can be used on greater than 4L/min because of drying effect
What is R side heart failure
- the heart looses some ability to move O2 depleted blood to lungs to get oxygenated
-mostly caused by left sided
What are s/s of R sided HF
periphereal edema, JVD
T or F can you have R sided HF without L sided
yes, rarely
Can be a result of lung disease
What is L sided heart failure
most common
heart loses ability to pump blood out to your body after it is oxygenated by lungs
What are s/s of L sided HF
Pulmonary Edema
Dyspnea
Fatigue
What is L sided HF caused by
coronary artery disease among many other things
Pulmonary ventilation
breathing
movement of air in and out of the lungs
respiration
gas exchange in capillaries between alveoli and blood vessels
Diffusion
movement of gas or particles from high pressure/concentration to low pressure/concentration
What must there be for diffusion to occur?
Surfactant to prevent atelectasis
atelectasis
collapse of alveoli
Perfusion
oxygenated blood passes to systemic tissue
Internal Respiration
exchange of O2 and CO2 between circulating blood and tissue cells
Where is the respiratory center located
Medulla
What is the respiratory center stimulated by in healthy pt to push body to breathe?
Increase of CO2
What is the respiratory center stimulated by in the COPD patients to push them to breath?
Low O2
because they are used to having increased CO2
What are some changes in oxygenation/ventilation in older adults?
- airways/alveoli collapse easier
- more residual air left
- heart cannot change easily to stress stimuli
- reduced power of respiratory ab muscles
- alveoli/lungs are less elastic
- decreased elasticity of blood vessels
- stiff heart valves
COPD s/s
-barrel chested
- clubbing
- O2 lower 88-92
- dyspnea
- puffed lips
BNP is what
Brain Nurietic Peptide
natural diuretic = increases when fluid overload to help body naturally get rid of excess fluid
Cytologic Study
check for tumors/cancer in lungs
Thoracentesis
removing fluid in plueral space (plueral effusion = pnuemothorax but from fluid build up in plueral space = lung cannot expand)
What are the cardiac biomarkers
CK checks the muscles
Troponin enzyme released by heart muscles when the heart is injured
What is the difference between partial compensation and full compensation
pH is not normal in partial compensation
pH is normal in full compensation
What is Allen’s Test
cutting off radial artery blood flow then releasing making sure that hand has blood flow -> poking for ABG
If the PCO2 is high or low what is the cause of that
Tachypnea (low CO2)
Bradypnea (high CO2)
If Bicarb HCO3 is high/low what is the cause?
Kidney releasing a lot of HCO3 (high)
Kidney not releasing a lot of HCO3 (low)
Neutrophils indicate what?
Acute infection
Lymphocytes indicate what?
Chronic infection
Esinophiles indicate
allergies/parasites
Basophils indicate what
allergies
Monocytes indicate what?
macrophages are being produced (cleaning up inflammation/wound healing)
What assessments can we do for oxygenation
oximetry
capnography
health history
physical assessment: s/s of COPD/CHF, resp distress, cyanosis
ABG
Cardiac biomarkers
CBC
Cytologic study
EKG
How can we promote optimal function of oxygenation?
lifestyle: diet/ weight
Vaccines
No smoking
Avoid pollution
Reduce anxiety
How can we promote comfort
positioning: high fowler’s for dyspnea
Acute resp distress: alternate supine/prone
Maintain fluid intake
Provide humidified air (prevents drying)
-positive pressure (CPAP)
Why would we put the patient prone for resp distress?
Oxygenates the dead space
Promoting proper breathing
-deep breathing exercise/pursed lip breathing/ diaphragmatic breathing
- incentive spirometry
To help clear airway what should the nurse do?
Promote coughing, deep breathing, and using cough meds like expectorants
