Oxygenation

Question 1

Venturi mask O2 percentage

Answer 1

24,28,31,35,40,60

Question 2

What are special considerations for a venturi mask

Answer 2

-the window of the venturi mask should not be covered
-you cannot use a humidifier, the mask humidifies the air already

Question 3

High Flow O2 Percentage

Answer 3

10 L = 65%
15L = 90%

Question 4

What is the max flow on High Flow

Answer 4

60L/min

Question 5

What are special considerations for High Flow

Answer 5

Needs to be humidified

Question 6

Non Rebreather oxygen percentages

Answer 6

10-15L = 80-95%

Question 7

Special considerations for nonrebreather

Answer 7

Cannot use humidifier, causes “rain-out effect”

Fill the bag before putting on the patient

Question 8

Simple face mask O2 percent

Answer 8

5-8L 40%-60%

Question 9

Special considerations for simple face mask

Answer 9

May use a humidifier

Question 10

Oxymizer Cannula (mustache/pendant) O2 percent

Answer 10

3-4x more concentration than in a nasal cannula

Question 11

Special considerations with an oxymizer cannula?

Answer 11

Cannot use humidifier it causes a “rain out effect”

Question 12

Nasal cannula oxygen percent

Answer 12

1-6L = 24-44%

Question 13

Special considerations for nasal cannula

Answer 13

humidifier can be used on greater than 4L/min because of drying effect

Question 14

What is R side heart failure

Answer 14

• the heart looses some ability to move O2 depleted blood to lungs to get oxygenated
  -mostly caused by left sided

Question 15

What are s/s of R sided HF

Answer 15

periphereal edema, JVD

Question 16

T or F can you have R sided HF without L sided

Answer 16

yes, rarely
Can be a result of lung disease

Question 17

What is L sided heart failure

Answer 17

most common
heart loses ability to pump blood out to your body after it is oxygenated by lungs

Question 18

What are s/s of L sided HF

Answer 18

Pulmonary Edema
Dyspnea
Fatigue

Question 19

What is L sided HF caused by

Answer 19

coronary artery disease among many other things

Question 20

Pulmonary ventilation

Answer 20

breathing
movement of air in and out of the lungs

Question 21

respiration

Answer 21

gas exchange in capillaries between alveoli and blood vessels

Question 22

Diffusion

Answer 22

movement of gas or particles from high pressure/concentration to low pressure/concentration

Question 23

What must there be for diffusion to occur?

Answer 23

Surfactant to prevent atelectasis

Question 24

atelectasis

Answer 24

collapse of alveoli

Question 25

Perfusion

Answer 25

oxygenated blood passes to systemic tissue

Question 26

Internal Respiration

Answer 26

exchange of O2 and CO2 between circulating blood and tissue cells

Question 27

Where is the respiratory center located

Answer 27

Medulla

Question 28

What is the respiratory center stimulated by in healthy pt to push body to breathe?

Answer 28

Increase of CO2

Question 29

What is the respiratory center stimulated by in the COPD patients to push them to breath?

Answer 29

Low O2 because they are used to having increased CO2

Question 30

What are some changes in oxygenation/ventilation in older adults?

Answer 30

- airways/alveoli collapse easier - more residual air left - heart cannot change easily to stress stimuli - reduced power of respiratory ab muscles - alveoli/lungs are less elastic - decreased elasticity of blood vessels - stiff heart valves

Question 31

COPD s/s

Answer 31

-barrel chested - clubbing - O2 lower 88-92 - dyspnea - puffed lips

Question 32

BNP is what

Answer 32

Brain Nurietic Peptide natural diuretic = increases when fluid overload to help body naturally get rid of excess fluid

Question 33

Cytologic Study

Answer 33

check for tumors/cancer in lungs

Question 34

Thoracentesis

Answer 34

removing fluid in plueral space (plueral effusion = pnuemothorax but from fluid build up in plueral space = lung cannot expand)

Question 35

What are the cardiac biomarkers

Answer 35

CK checks the muscles Troponin enzyme released by heart muscles when the heart is injured

Question 36

What is the difference between partial compensation and full compensation

Answer 36

pH is not normal in partial compensation pH is normal in full compensation

Question 37

What is Allen's Test

Answer 37

cutting off radial artery blood flow then releasing making sure that hand has blood flow -> poking for ABG

Question 38

If the PCO2 is high or low what is the cause of that

Answer 38

Tachypnea (low CO2) Bradypnea (high CO2)

Question 39

If Bicarb HCO3 is high/low what is the cause?

Answer 39

Kidney releasing a lot of HCO3 (high) Kidney not releasing a lot of HCO3 (low)

Question 40

Neutrophils indicate what?

Answer 40

Acute infection

Question 41

Lymphocytes indicate what?

Answer 41

Chronic infection

Question 42

Esinophiles indicate

Answer 42

allergies/parasites

Question 43

Basophils indicate what

Answer 43

allergies

Question 44

Monocytes indicate what?

Answer 44

macrophages are being produced (cleaning up inflammation/wound healing)

Question 45

What assessments can we do for oxygenation

Answer 45

oximetry capnography health history physical assessment: s/s of COPD/CHF, resp distress, cyanosis ABG Cardiac biomarkers CBC Cytologic study EKG

Question 46

How can we promote optimal function of oxygenation?

Answer 46

lifestyle: diet/ weight Vaccines No smoking Avoid pollution Reduce anxiety

Question 47

How can we promote comfort

Answer 47

positioning: high fowler's for dyspnea Acute resp distress: alternate supine/prone Maintain fluid intake Provide humidified air (prevents drying) -positive pressure (CPAP)

Question 48

Why would we put the patient prone for resp distress?

Answer 48

Oxygenates the dead space

Question 49

Promoting proper breathing

Answer 49

-deep breathing exercise/pursed lip breathing/ diaphragmatic breathing - incentive spirometry

Question 50

To help clear airway what should the nurse do?

Answer 50

Promote coughing, deep breathing, and using cough meds like expectorants