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Fundamentals (104) > Older Adults > Flashcards

Older Adults Flashcards

1
Q

What is the number one causes of death in older adults

A

Cancer and heart disease

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2
Q

T or F older adults need more nutrient dense meals and less calories

A

True

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3
Q

What vitamins should be prioritized for older adults?

A

Vitamin D and Calcium for osteoporosis

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4
Q

Brain plasticity

A

Exercising the brain

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5
Q

What are factors affecting older adults sleep?

A

Menopause, prostatic hyperplasia, nocturia/illnesses, Alzheimer’s

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6
Q

What vital signs are altered for older adults

A
  • lowered cardiac output
  • increased residual lung volume
    -lowered renal and hepatic function
  • subq fat decreases
  • increase in systolic BP
  • decreased perspiration
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7
Q

What are reccomended strategies for older adults

A

-planning for retirement
- finding new friends
- discovering new ways to fill time

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8
Q

T or F older adults need activities to increase self efficacy

A

True

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9
Q

What are recommended strategies for including the family in the older adults care/ alleviate stress with care?

A

-educational skills building with treatment plan
- cog-behavioral therapy
- family meetings related to care/stress of care giving

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10
Q

Fluid intelligence

A

-new information/short term memory
- peaks at adolescence then declines

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11
Q

Functions of Fluid Intelligence

A

-working memory, processing speed, reasoning, cog control, inhibition, complex skills, attention tasks, creativity

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12
Q

Crystallized Intelligence

A
  • stored info/ long term memory
    -slows with aging, but stabilizes or continues to increase throughout life
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13
Q

Crystallized intelligence function

A

-procedural (practical)
-declarative (functional)
- general knowledge
- specialized knowledge
- wisdom

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14
Q

polypharmacy

A

use of multiple medications from multiple different pharmacies, OTC, that is common among older adults

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15
Q

American Geriatric Society Beers Criteria do

A

list medications that might not be safe for older adults w/ alcohol use

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16
Q

Geriatric Syndromes

A

-impaired mobility
- dizzy
- falls/falling
- urinary incontinence
- increase susceptibility to infection
- atypical response
- altered emotional impact
- altered systemic response

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17
Q

What can you do to reduce impaired mobility

A

-encourage to stay active
- bed rest to a minimum
- encourage ROM
- frequent position change

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18
Q

What can you do to reduce dizziness in older adults?

A

-check for earwax impaction

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19
Q

What can you do to reduce falling in older adults?

A
  • exercise daily
  • eye exam
  • home modifications for safety
  • mental health concerns: ( loss of confidence, becoming fearful)
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20
Q

What can reduce urinary incontinence in older adults

A
  • anticholinergics (with caution)
  • bladder training
21
Q

T or F is there a connection between dementia and urinary incontinence?

A

True

22
Q

Atypical reponses in older adults

A
  • less pain sense
  • MI s/s are different
  • fevers at 37.8
  • severe infection at 38.3
23
Q

Altered Emotional Impact in Older Adults

A
  • high risk for disorientation
  • confusion
  • delirium
  • anxiety
  • fear related to hospitals
  • burden to family
24
Q

What are the best things to encourage in older adults

A
  • early mobilization
  • autonomy
  • independent decision making
25
Q

What is the most common type of abuse is older adults

A

neglect

26
Q

Older adults make up how much of the population and how much of the percentage of people in hospitals

A

15% of the population make up 38% of healthcare

27
Q

Home Health Care

A

-specialty area of practice that provides nursing services in the home setting

28
Q

Hospice Services

A

Hospice and Pallative

29
Q

Hospice

A

improve quality of life by focusing on symptom management, pain control, and emotional support
-pts not expected to live longer than 6months

30
Q

Pallative Care

A

patients at any stage of serious illness focusing on pain relief/symptoms and maintain quality of life

-condition does not have to be incurable

31
Q

Vascular dementia

A

dementia from a stroke/HTN

32
Q

Dementia

A

Chronic and gradually progressive cognitive impairment

33
Q

What is the most common form of dementia

A
  • Alzheimer’s disease
34
Q

Fulmer SPICES tool

A
  • sleep disorder
    -problems with eating
  • incontinence
  • confusion
  • evidence of falls
  • skin breakdown
35
Q

Delirium

A

temporary confusion state brought by an acute illness w/ specific underlying causes

36
Q

What do you do with delirium?

A

-focus on reorientation and preventative measures

37
Q

Depression

A

distinct change of behavior with extreme or prolonged sadness brought by life events stressors

38
Q

What can you do about depression

A

therapy/counseling

antidepressant medications

39
Q

How many older adults report alcohol abuse?

A

7-14%

40
Q

PQRST Pain Scale

A

Provoke
Quality
Region and Radiation
Severity and S/s
Time of onset

41
Q

Risk factors for Alzheimer’s Disease

A

-age
-environmental (air pollution)
-dietary/inflammatory (high cholesterol, HTN, infection)
-TBI
-family history

42
Q

What are the pathophysiological signs of Alzheimer’s

A

cortical shrinkage
neurofibrillary tangle
amyloid plaques
enlarged ventricles

43
Q

What is a cause of Alzhiemer’s

A

ACh break down
Increase in glutamate level = Ca++ influx = neurons rupture

44
Q

What are clinical manifestations of Alzheimer’s disease

A

-loss of memory and impulse control
- can’t name familiar objects
-rambling
- disorientation to person, place, and time
- depression, irritability, aggression, hostility
- slowly become more dependent

45
Q

How can you diagnose Alzheimer’s disease?

A

-after death
- rule out all other diseases

46
Q

What is medical management of Alzheimer’s

A
  • cholinesterase inhibitors Donepezil, Rigastigimine, neostigimine
  • NMDA antagonist Memantine (blocks glutamate increase = stop cell rupt.)
47
Q

Nursing management of AD

A

-support cognitive function through games, exercise
- safety precautions
- promote independence in self care
- reduce anxiety and agitation
- improve communication with client
- provide socialization and intimacy needs ( pt-pt, family)
-promote activity in the am = better sleep
- home, community, and transitional care

48
Q
A

Fundamentals (104) (8 decks)

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