Oxidative Phosphorylation/Electron Transport Chain Flashcards
What do inhibitors of the ETC result in?
- decreased oxygen consumption
- increased intracellular NADH/NAD and FADH2/FAD ratio
- decreased ATP synthesis
What do uncouplers result in?
- increased oxygen consumption
- decreased intracellular NADH/NAD and FADH2/FAD ratio
- decreased ATP synthesis
What inhibitor works on Complex 1 of the ETC?
Rotenone
What inhibitor works on Complex 3 of the ETC?
Antimycin A
What 3 inhibitors work on Complex 4 of the ETC?
Cyanide, Carbon Monoxide Azide
What 2 inhibitors work on a proton carrier of an uncoupler?
thermogenin and 2,4-dinitrophenol
What inhibitor works on ATP synthase/ATP synthase inhibitor?
Oligomycin
Why is cyanide deadly?
it binds irreversibly to cytochrome A/A3
Where is brown fat found?
interscapular and supraclavicular, around the heart, and around the kidneys
What is the primary function of brown adipose tissue?
produce heat by the process of nonshivering thermogenesis
What is the main activator of BAT?
norepinephrine stimulation, mediated by beta3-adrenergic receptors
What are some key features of mitochondrial DNA diseases?
lactic acidosis and massive proliferation of mitochondria in muscle, resulting in ragged red fibers
What are 6 examples of mitochondrial diseases?
- Leber hereditary optic neuropathy
- MELAS: mitochondrial encephalomyelopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke like episodes
- Myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red muscle fibers (MERRF)
- Leigh disease: subacute necrotizing encephalopathy
- Kearns-Sayre syndrome
- Pearson Syndrome
Circular mitochondrial chromosome encodes how many proteins of the ETC?
13 of the more than 80
Mutations in the mitochondrial genes affect what tissues?
highly aerobic ones such as the brain and muscle
