Oxidative Phosphorylation and Gluconeogenesis

Question 1

A proton gradient is established by complexes _____ which pump H+ ions from the mitochondrial matrix to the inter-membranous space.

Answer 1

I, III, and IV,

Question 2

ATP synthesis is inhibited by the drug _______

Answer 2

oligomycin

Question 3

what is the mechanism used by brown adipose tissue to generate heat to keep the body warm during cold exposure

Answer 3

Uncoupling proteins allow the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane to dissipate without coupling to ATP generation resulting in loss of the chemical energy as heat.

Question 4

Low ADP (high ATP) decreases the flow of electrons, which decreases _______. NADH and FADH2 ______, flux through the TCA cycle slows and metabolites in the TCA cycle accumulate (______, feedback inhibition on glycolysis).

Answer 4

O2 consumption,
accumulate,
citrate

Question 5

Fatty acids DO provide energy for gluconeogenesis. Their oxidation is critical as it generates the _______ necessary for gluconeogenesis which is an energy requiring pathway.

Answer 5

ATP

Question 6

what are glucogenic amino acids?

Answer 6

Amino acids whose carbon skeletons can be conversed to OAA in the crebs cycle and then into glucose in the gluconeogenesis cycle

Question 7

Glycerol released from adipose tissue during the breakdown of triglyceride, can enter the gluconeogenic pathway at the level of _______

Answer 7

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate