overview of metabolic pathways

Question 1

_______ accounts for roughly 75% of total energy expenditure in sedentary people

Answer 1

Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)

Question 2

The primary determinant of RMR is ________

Answer 2

fat free mass (lean body mass).

Question 3

In normal individuals this accounts for roughly 8% of total energy expenditure

Answer 3

Thermic Effect of Food (TEF)

Question 4

Rank the Macro nutrients from the highest TEF to the lowest .

Answer 4

1) protein
2) Carbohydrates
3) Fat

Question 5

what is non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT).

Answer 5

This is energy expended in movement that is “unconscious” or unplanned. Some people call this “fidgeting” or movements that we all do while we are engaged in other tasks.

Question 6

The ratio of work to total energy expended during physical activity is known as _______

Answer 6

exercise/work efficiency

Question 7

Total energy expenditure can be measured most accurately using a method called _______ which measures oxygen consumption in free living individuals over a period of weeks

Answer 7

“doubly labeled water”

Question 8

Most people under-report food intake by ________.

Answer 8

20% to 40%

Question 9

A loss of _________ is associated with severe malnutrition at a point where death often results.

Answer 9

30% of body protein

Question 10

what are the methods to measure body fat

Answer 10

1) body mass index (weight in kg/height2 in meters), 2)skin fold thickness,
3) bioelectrical impedance,
4) body density measurements (by underwater weighing or air displacement)
5) dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA).

Question 11

________ is the most accurate way to measure body composition.

Answer 11

dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)

Question 12

what is an anabolic process.

Answer 12

A process of synthesizing more complex molecules from simpler ones

Question 13

what does the Pentose Phosphate Pathway (Hexose Monophosphate Shunt) generate?

Answer 13

NADPH and ribose (5 carbon) sugars

Question 14

NADPH (not to be confused with NADH) provides energy for the synthesis of ____ and ______ . It is also important in defending cells against oxidative stress and in pathogen killing by white blood cells

Answer 14

fatty acids,

steroid hormones

Question 15

The ribose sugar Ribose-5-phosphate produced by the Pentose Phosphate Pathway is a key substrate for _________

Answer 15

nucleotide synthesis (the building blocks of RNA and DNA)