oxidative phosphorylation

Question 1

where does this occur

Answer 1

inner membrane of mitochondria

Question 2

role of

Answer 2

making ATP by donating electrons to complees in membrane - comlexes being lipids/ protons

Question 3

how does it begin

Answer 3

NADH and FADH wanting to donate their electrons

Question 4

how do nadh and fadh enter mitochondria

Answer 4

via shuttles

Question 5

what do electrons enter as if using the malate aspartate shuttle

Answer 5

NADH

Question 6

what do electrons enter as if using the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle

Answer 6

FADH2

Question 7

what do fadh and nadh give their electrons to

Answer 7

complex I and complex II

Question 8

complex I

Answer 8

flavin mononucleotide

Question 9

comples II

Answer 9

succinate dehydrogenase

Question 10

where do electrons from complexes I and II flow

Answer 10

directly to Coenzyme Q, which is also called ubiquinone

Question 11

what does coenzyme q pass on the electrons to

Answer 11

to a series of cytochromes, which are proteins that contain heme groups.

Question 12

cytochrome III - not important

Answer 12

made up of cytochrome b and cytochrome c1, and then electrons move over to cytochrome c, and from there the electrons get passed to complex IV, which is composed of cytochromes a and a3, which are together referred to as cytochrome oxidase

Question 13

role of cytohcrome oxidase

Answer 13

transfers the electrons to the final electron acceptor, oxygen, making the oxygen electronegative enough to grab two protons - making a molecule of H20.

Question 14

what happens if a cell doesnt recieve enough o2

Answer 14

electron transport chain gets interrupted and ATP synthesis doesn’t happen

Question 15

what creates the electrical current

Answer 15

complexes rapidly passing electrons off to one another

Question 16

role of electrical current

Answer 16

creates energy that drives complexes I, III, and IV to pump positively charged protons out of the mitochondria and into the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membrane, creating a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 17

what complexes span the inner mitochodnrial membrane

Answer 17

complexes I, III, and IV

Question 18

is the gradient stable or unstable

Answer 18

considered unstable because the protons are always trying to equilibrate across the inner mitochondrial membrane, even though it’s totally impermeable to them

Question 19

how do proteins get across the membrane

Answer 19

use a special proton channel called F0, that’s attached to an enzyme called F1

Question 20

what does atp use to be pumped out of the mitochondria and into the cytoplasn

Answer 20

ATP/ADP anitporrt

Question 21

how mnay atp does 1 nadh that donates its electrons make

Answer 21

3 as it activtes 3 proton pumps; I,III and IV

Question 22

how many atp does fadh2 make

Answer 22

2 as it skips complex 1, and starts at complex 2, activating only 2 proton pumps - complexes III and IV

Question 23

is ETC controlled hormonally

Answer 23

no