oxidative phos and gluconeogenesis

Question 1

1. Describe the mechanisms that are responsible for the generation of the energy that is used to drive oxidative phosphorylation.

Answer 1

NADH comes in at complex 1
FADH2 comes in at complex 2
Co enzyme Q shuttles electrons to complex 3,
Cytochrome c shuttles electrons to complex 4
where oxygen accepts electrons to make water.
Hydrgen gradient then comes back through complex 5 to power ATP synthase which takes ADP and creates ATP

Question 2

4. List inhibitors of electron transport

Answer 2

lack of ADP and uncoupling of chain, lack of O2 would all inhibit electron transport

Question 3

5. Describe the consequences of defects in electron transport.

Answer 3

no aerobic metabolism, have to make due with anaerobi only….

Question 4

6. Describe the role of PGC1 mitochondrial biogenesis.

Answer 4

Transcriptional peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) plays a key role in mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism and is suggested to be involved in the exercise-induced increase in mitochondrial content. PGC-1α activity is regulated by posttranslational modifications, among them acetylation or phosphorylation. Accordingly, the deacetylase SIRT1 and the kinase AMPK increase PGC-1α activity.

Question 5

what is the cori cycle

Answer 5

muscles produce lactate that can be taken up by liver and made into glucose

Question 6

what are sources of substrate for gluconeogenesis

Answer 6

lactate, amino acids

Question 7

what regulates fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase

Answer 7

fructose 2,6 bisphosphate neg regs it

Question 8

how do we get from pyruvate to PEP?

Answer 8

pyruvate is taken into mitochondria, where it is turned into oxaloacetate by pyruvate carboxylase. oxaloacetate is then turned to malate to be shuttled out, and then reconverted to oxaloacetate which is then turned to PEP by PEP CK