Ownership and control

Question 1

case study

Answer 1

• 2008 financial crash
• US housing bubble collapsed
• banks - bankrupt
• UK gov, bailed out banks using £500 bn
• £30 cut in austerity

Question 2

marxist PEAE

Answer 2

• instrumental and manipulative - Miliband
• Fuchs
• Gramsci

Question 3

neo marxists point

Answer 3

indirect control of media by r/c owners

Question 4

neo marxist evidence

Answer 4

GMG 2008
- 51% journalists = privately educated
- 94% are white
- align interests with r/c owners

Question 5

neo marxist analysis

Answer 5

Chomsky and Herman
- advertising model
- reliant on adverts for funding
- advertisers will avoid media that is against r/c ideas

Question 6

neo marxist evaluation

Answer 6

Althusser

Question 7

pluralist 1 point

Answer 7

audiences and producers are free agents

Question 8

pluralist 1 evidence

Answer 8

Rosen
- norms and ethics of professional journalism
- IPSO - editors code of practice as the regulator
- even if coming from elite bg can still maintain their independence

Question 9

pluralist 1 evidence

Answer 9

Harrison
- studied ITN
- media coverage is competent and fair
- driven by profit not controlling audiences
- can’t intervene on a day-to-day basis

Question 10

pluralist 1 analysis

Answer 10

McQuail
- use and gratification model
- audiences consume media to meet specific needs
- e.g diversion

Question 11

pluralist 2 point

Answer 11

widespread distribution of power in society is key to maintaining a democratic society

Question 12

pluralist 2 evidence

Answer 12

Jones
- media is neutral and fair
- apparent bias - due to a group winning media coverage
e.g 1984 Miners strike

Question 13

pluralist 2 analysis

Answer 13

Keane
- monitory democracy - holding gov. accountable
- new media expands this - ordinary people can be media producers

Question 14

pluralist 2 evaluation

Answer 14

McChesney
- commercialisation of media means profit motive overrides public interest and truth
- publicly funded media