Media representations Flashcards
case study?
the Simpsons
omission point
- underepresentation of the w/c
omission evidence
Create London
- found 12% of people working in TV, film or radio = w/c
- those from elite backgrounds -> portray w/c negatively
omission analysis
BBC 2023
- found w/c people believed the media doesnt represent them and where they live
- lack of w/c in BBC workforce = underrepresentation
omission evaluation
Tuchman
- symbolic annhilation
- omission+condemnation+trivialisation = excludes the working class and reinforces class divisions of capitalism
trivialisation and condemnation evidence
Butsch
- stupid clown stereotype = uintelligent
- comic entertainment = for humour
- reinforces opression of the w/c
trivialisation and condemnation analysis
Jones
- individualisation - poverty and hardships of the w/c are explained through the poor decisions made by them
- welfare dependency - media represents the w/c as lazy bcs theyre unemployed -> myth of meritocracy , m/c work harder
trivialisation and condemnation evaluation
hooks
- intersectionlaity
- those who experience multiple forms of opression tend to be condemned+trivialised more badly in the media or not at all
new media evidence
cultural optomist - Mcnair
new media analysis
cultural pessimist - Aral
new media evaluation
neo-marxist Fuchs
omission evidence ethnicity
- Creative Diversity Network (2021) found only 6.5% of media writers are ethnic minorities
- underrepresented in media content
- white people will portray ethnic minorities negatively.
omission analysis ethnicity
- Ofcom research from 2018 found ethnic minorities in the UK were underrepresented in BBC2 characters by around 3%
condemnation and trivialisation evidence ethnicity
- Communications Research Group (2001) found 24%of ethnic minority in popular TV were about musical performances or other entertainment, compared with only 11% of white people
condemnation and trivialisation analysis ethnicity
- Cushion analysed newspapers television news and radio news over a 16 week period
- found nearly 70% of stories were related to violent gang crime by young black men.
omission women evidence
- Lauzen found 24% of key behind-the-scenes roles of the top 250 films of the year were done by women
- media represents women in negative ways
omission women analysis
- Lauzen found only 34% of speaking characters in the top 250 US films were women
- exclusion of women in production means there isn’t anyone interested in gender inequality and creating positive portrayals of women. - Films with women directors or writers were 33% more likely to have women protagonists
- shows how the inclusion of women in production improves representation in content.
condemnation and trivialisation women evidence
- Geena Davis Institute (2014) found women were four times more likely to be in revealing clothing or completely naked in media content
- corresponds to a ‘sex object’ stereotype - women’s role in media is to provide sexual entertainment
condemnation and trivialisation women analysis
- Malkin (2005) describes a “damsel in distress syndrome”
- women are shown without free will, awaiting a male savour
- the media portray women as victims requiring men to save them
omission of LGBTQ+ evidence
- historically LGBTQ+ were omitted from the media
- (NCTJ) ‘Diversity in Journalism’ (2023) report revealed 11% of journalists identify LGBTQ+ compared to around 3% of the population
omission of LGBTQ+ analysis
- Gill (2007) argues homosexuality is omitted through a process of ‘sanitisation’ which removes the sexuality of LGBTQ+ people. - For example, gay men are rarely portrayed in a sexualised way
condemnation and trivialisation LGBTQ+ evidence
- Ridge (2021) found the media blamed the AIDS crisis on the sexuality of LGBTQ+ people, rather than the UK Government who failed to deal with a health emergency.
condemnation and trivialisation LGBTQ+ analysis
- Russel Hoffman (2011) found the gay best friend stereotype in the media shows them as sidekick, rather than a protagonist.
- provides entertainment for a heterosexual main character.
omission disability evidence
- OFCOM (2023) found only 10% of media workers are disabled, compared to around 24% of the UK population.
omission disability analysis
- Diversity in the UK (2022) found the UK’s top TV shows found only 1.6% of characters had a disability
- lack of disabled people in the media means there is a lack of people who understand what its like to live with disabilities
condemnation and trivialisation disability evidence
- Cumberbatch and Negrine found disabled people are condemned through a stereotype of criminality
- blames disabled people rather than a society that discriminates against disabled people
condemnation and trivialisation analysis
- Cumberbatch and Negrine found disabled people are trivialised through a ‘subhuman’ stereotype.
- represented as fools/idiots with audiences enjoying their lack of intelligence or physicality
