own knowledge - evolving human

Question 1

urban core vs rural population density

Answer 1

urban - 200 people per km squared

rural - 1-100

Question 2

urban core vs rural age structure

Answer 2

urban - young adults + single people

rural - older people + families

Question 3

urban core vs rural economic activities

Answer 3

urban - retailing / large shops / offices and corporate headquarters / many jobs
rural - farming fishing forestry mining / work from home IT / tourism

Question 4

urban core vs rural settlements

Answer 4

urban -cities metropolis / low and high rise buildings / expensive property
rural - market towns villages isolated farms / low rise buildings / cheaper property

Question 5

how were reducing regional differences

Answer 5

government and European union offering assistance in areas of north Wales Cornwall

EUs regional development fund - supports UK regions by economic regeneration, improved communications and safeguard jobs eg. Cornwall

Question 6

retirement migration

Answer 6

• south west England eg Cornwall attract retirement migrants
• scenery + Lowe crime rates + sense of community
• adds larger number of old people = increase pressure on health services = increase house prices = young adults move away because house prices too high = population structure shows shortage of young people
• old people = increase demand for services = eg. specialist shops / chiropodists = create local jobs

Question 7

rural to urban migration

Answer 7

central and north Wales = farming difficult because of steep slopes, high mountains and thin soils = young people find work in cities

Question 8

international migration

Answer 8

• in 1950’s = UK gov encouraged immigration from former colonies in India + Pakistan to respond to shortage of workers to fill jobs in transport and industries such as textiles and steel
• by 1971 = 1 million people moved to UK including 250,000 from India
• 1970’s - immigration slowed down = no longer shortage of workers
• 2004 = immigrants came from Eastern Europe eg. Poland and Estonia due to the period of economic growth and enlargement of the EU
• 2012-15 = refugees from syria + Afghanistan

Question 9

north - east England

Answer 9

• used to be dominated by heavy industry = especially coal mining + steel production
• in last 50 years - these industries have declined because of foreign competition / high land and labor cost compared to emerging countries
• last mine closed in 1994
• between 2007-13 = unemployment rose faster then any other uk region to 8%
• between 2011-12 = child poverty in new castle central rose to 38%
• nissan factory started in 1986 = employs 4000 people =. effected by Brexit = encounter problems with exporting
• small growth of tertiary activities = accounts for 22% of all employment

Question 10

examples of enterprise zones

Answer 10

24 in UK - offer companies help with start up costs reduced taxes on profits and faster broadband access

Question 11

rural Cornwall

Answer 11

• tourism - 14.9% of employment
• main economic activity in Cornwall = faming fishing forestry mining working from home IT tourism
• transport = no motorways / some public transport but not economically profitable due to low ampunt of users

Question 12

South Wales

Answer 12

experiences decline - deindustrilaisation

Question 13

why is south east England so attractive

Answer 13

transport = surrounded by M25 and railways / 4 major airports - Luton and Gatwick and Heathrow and stansted / ports in Southhampton

market and labor - skilled local labor force - Oxford + Russel group unis

geographical - close to the channel tunnel = giving access to Europe

Question 14

impact of globalisation

Answer 14

need for workers to re-skill after jobs in agriculture and mining and manufacturing have declines and been replaced with jobs in the tertiary and quaternary sectors - workforce becoming more flexible - part time - work at home

Question 15

impact of privatisation

Answer 15

• increased FDI from businesses wanting to invest in UK
• increased completion and awareness of global markets
• increased foreign ownership of UK firms
• benefited TNCs = tncs able to invest in utilities `= electricity generation

Question 16

free trade

Answer 16

the uk as part of the eu has pursued a policy of promoting free trade within the eu in order to allow free movements of goods and services

Question 17

define privatisation

Answer 17

the transfer of assets from public sector to the private sector

Question 18

define globalisation

Answer 18

when a business or other organisation develop international interest pr start operating on an international scale

Question 19

define free trade

Answer 19

international trade with no tariffs, quotas or restrictions

Question 20

define TNCs

Answer 20

companies that operate in several countries