Own Knowldge - London

Question 1

Interdependence

Answer 1

princes Risborough

• As people move in from London the house prices will go up, the people living there will travel to London daily and won’t spend money on local business and so locals are driven out as housing becomes unaffordable

Question 2

Deindustrialisation

Answer 2

Shoreditch - PostWW2-1980s East London was in decline, Dock/Industrial jobs had moved to Asia – leaving unemployment, 30% manufacturing jobs in 1971, 7.5% in 2001

Question 3

Regeneration

Answer 3

• Thatcher’s Government set up the London Docklands Development Coorporation in 1981.
• Web-technology start-up companies and TNCs invested in East London Tech City / Silicon Roundabout
• Former industrial buildings have been converted to offices, flats, creative industries, clubs, pubs, art galleries, restaurants, media businesses – attractive to students / graduates
• Old 5-6 storey buildings knocked down and replaced by tall apartment / office blocks, mixed in with high-end leisure and culture (e.g. gyms / Coffee Bars – hipsterfication)
• The land values are now too high for original residents, who have been forced out (gentrification)

Question 4

Benefits of regeneration

Answer 4

1000 apprenticeship chimes available for young Londoners Education prospect, Residents have better access to amenities and services (transports improvements also mean quicker 12 min access to CBD, links to historical significance (battersea power station)

new job poutines available -22000 during construction and 25000 permanent initially targeting local residents, better transport allows quicker access to city jobs, potential property investment, likely to strict further fdi

derelict buildings ( health hazards) get repurposed and rebuilt to much higher standards, inclusion of more green space eg new linear park, focus on pedestrianised areas, reduction in traffic and pollution

Question 5

Negatives of regeneration

Answer 5

local communities displaced and split up, affordable housing - but for who, local independent shop wonders will have to close down

new jobs may be low paid service jobs - bar work, café work, cleaners- not necessarily higher wage skilled jobs, some offices may remain empty, area becomes too expensive for local residents (gentrification) 140% increase in property values

regeneration strategies have been similar in many UK cities even within London means a loss of individuality in places, removal of road networks may mean increase traffic elsewhere?

Question 6

Sustainable transport

Answer 6

• Jubilee line is Part of growing London Underground and overground network connected to bus networks through Kodak stations
• Source London have invested in a city wide car charging network (4500)
• London’s congestion’s charge gas created 5 percent increase in public transport use
• Santander cycle hire scheme Boris bikes now has 13500 to hire

Question 7

Sustainable energy

Answer 7

• Low energy building techniques allow natural light and use sustainably frosted wood to clad the buildings
• Buildings are orientated towards sun getting electricity through solar panels
• Aims to reduce energy used for heating by 81% electricity by 46% and water by 58%
• London’s buses are now hybrids also use electricity to reduce carbon emmisons

Question 8

Sustainable housing

Answer 8

• 20% of house are firstSTEPS affordable homes - rent tk buy (you buy 25-50% and rent the remainder

Question 9

Sustained employment

Answer 9

• Companies are reviewing flexible working hours from home, numbers have doubled to 8.6%
• Reese derelict land on former east Greenwich gasworks for new twist sector
• Connected to o2 arena by separated bus car and pedestrian route ways

Question 10

Sustainable green space

Answer 10

Car parking is beneath houses and apartments created shared space street ways and
landscape courtyard focused around shops , primary school and go surgery
Greenwich ecology park was proposed built green spaces as well the queen
Elizabeth Olympic park in Stratford
Important for London to keep its green belt of rural farmland

Question 11

Sustain.e waste

Answer 11

London is behind uk average of 43% re cycled waste 35%

Question 12

CBD land use

Answer 12

Commercial + offices

Question 13

CBD function

Answer 13

Oldest part of London
Location of most offices, retail banks theatres and hotels
Canary wharf and Shard quarter

Question 14

Inner city function

Answer 14

Old industrial areas from 18th and 19th century

Question 15

CBD buildings

Answer 15

High density and more modern taller buildings

Question 16

Inner city land use

Answer 16

Residential zones with limited open spaces

Question 17

Inner city environmental quality

Answer 17

Many areas run down since deindustrialization eg Hackney tower hamlets poor quality
But many areas experiencing investment and redevelopment

Question 18

Suburbs function

Answer 18

Extensions of inner zone and occupy largest part of area inside m25
Some areas of council housing from 1930-50 rental
Some areas are private estates (owner occupied), many built to counter recent housing shortages

Question 19

Suburbs land use

Answer 19

Less dense and shorter residential buildings

Question 20

Urban - rural fringe function

Answer 20

Larger out of town shopping complexes

Extension of transport infrastructure to support commuters eg cross rail

Question 21

National migration

Answer 21

RUM as young people move to London and city for jobs and educations, increase in population, however family’s also move out to suburbs and rurals with RUM