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Geo Questions - 2 > coasts > Flashcards

coasts Flashcards

1
Q

most likely cause of destructive waves

A

a long fetch across Atlantic Ocean

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2
Q

how do you know longshore drift is from south to north

A

sediment accumulates on southern side suggesting that it arrives moving northwards

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3
Q

define mass movement

A

downhill movement of material due to gravity

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4
Q

name one type of coastal landform created by deposition

A

bar / spit / beach / tombolo

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5
Q

name one type of coastal landform created by deposition

A

bar / spit / beach / tombolo

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6
Q

what’s the sticking out thing on the beach called

A

headland

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7
Q

name and describe one process of coastal erosion

A

hydraulic action - force of water breaks off loose material

abrasion - pebbles are knocked into the coastline chipping off sections of rock

solution - chemicals and salt in the water dissolve surrounding rocks

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7
Q

name and describe one process of coastal erosion

A

hydraulic action - force of water breaks off loose material

abrasion - pebbles are knocked into the coastline chipping off sections of rock

solution - chemicals and salt in the water dissolve surrounding rocks

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8
Q

describe process of longshore drift

A
  • longshore drift is the movement of beach materials along a coastline.
  • the direction of longshore drift reflects the direction of the wind
  • swash pushes pebbles up the beach
  • while backwash pulls material down the beach
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9
Q

describe how cliffs collapsed

A

cliff could have been affected by erosion

hydraulic action could have weakened the bottom of the cliff creating an unstable overhang

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10
Q

explain how a stack will change in the future

A

stack will collapse to form a stump - abrasion will weaken the base of the stack

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11
Q

explain how a cave will change in the future

A

cave will be enlarged by erosion - pebbles from the beach will be picked up and smashed into the cave walls - turning it into an arc

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12
Q

how will a cliff change in the future

A

cliff will retreat - waves will hit the cliff forming a notch - the notch will grow larger until the cliff above collapses due to a lack of support

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13
Q

describe how groynes affect longshore drift

A

long shore drift is the movement of sand along a coastline - the eaves swash and backwash drag material along a beach - building groynes creates a barrier stopping the sand moving further - as there is less long-shore drift beaches down drift will become smaller

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14
Q

outline how rock armour works

A

absorbs the waves energy - slows down speed of wave - causes waves energy to dissipate - protects sea wall

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15
Q

how does sea wall work

A

acts like a barrier - absorbs power of waves - reflects the waves energy back to sea

16
Q

describe how a wave cut platform is formed

A

cliffs are eroded - so they retreat - leaving a platform - which will be further eroded and weathered

17
Q

explain one reason why there may be an increase in storm frequency in future

A

climate change increase storminess - larger areas of warm water generating more energy - more hurricanes

18
Q

explain difference between concordant and discordant coastlines

A

headlands and bays - discordant - varied rate of erosion because of different types of rocks

rock parallel to coastline - concordant - more uniform

19
Q

explain why there is an increasing risk of coastal flooding on many UK coastlines

A

climate change - caused by increasing levels of greenhouse gases - with human enhanced emissions - causing sea level rise - increased storminess - increase rates of erosion because of higher seas and more energetic wave attack

20
Q

explain why differences in rock type affect the rate of erosion on UK coastlines

A

differences in rock hardness - which effects the rate of erosion through abrasion because softer rocks are less resistant

differences in rock structure - affected by hydraulic action/abrasion - well-jointed rocks erode faster than less well-joined rocks because larger surface area

21
Q

one disadvantage of groynes

A

traps beach sediment - beaches further along the coastline will be starved of sediment / become narrower

groynes involve construction and wooden ones will rot - expensive to build and replace

22
Q

explain one way rock type leads to the formation of headlands

A

more resistant rock type - will erode slower

23
Q

explain now way in which destructive waves can increase the rate of coastal erosion

A

destructive waves formed by local storms - have more energy to erode beach - stronger backwash - remove more beach material

24
Q

explain how one human activity increases chance of coastal flooding

A

human activities eg. burning fossil fuels - enhanced greenhouse effect - seal levels rise

more urbanisation - more impermeable surfaces

25
Q

explain one way rip rap helps protect coastal landscape

A

large boulders are places along the cliff line - which protect the coast by acting by as a sea wall

26
Q

explain why some waves erode more than others

A

larger fetch - destructive waves - stronger backwash

27
Q

explain why some waves erode more than others

A

larger fetch - destructive waves - stronger backwash

28
Q

explain formation of a bay

A

formed as a result of discordant coastline - bands of rock of alternating resistance - softer rock is eroded faster forming a bay - harder and softer rock eg. sandstone and clay

29
Q

describe how swash and backwash can lead to a spit

A
  • swash moves material up the beach at an angle
  • backwash takes material off the beach at 90 degrees
  • net movement of material along the beach
  • spit grows when coastline direction changes
30
Q

outline the reasons some cliffs retreat faster than others

A

rock type - some rock is softer

waves are more powerful - because of fetch or frequency of storms

31
Q

economic consequence of coastal erosion

A

financial losses through costs of coastal protection schemes or insurance property or loss of property

Geo Questions - 2 (10 decks)

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