Oviduct and Uterus

Question 1

Ovulation and Division of Ovary

Answer 1

• secondary oocyte
• fertilization (meiosis II) = second polar body
• zygote –> morula –> blastocyst

Question 2

Structure of the Oviduct

Answer 2

Infundibulum
Fimbriae (extensions of infundibulum)
Ampulla (fertilization occurs)
Isthmus
Intramural Segment (connect to uterus)

Question 3

Oviduct Layers

Answer 3

• mucosa (highly folded, epithelium, BM, LP)
• muscularis (inner circular, outer longitudinal SM)
• serosa (mesothelium + CT)

Question 4

Cells and Hormones in Mucosa of Oviduct

Answer 4

• pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium
• ciliated cell (sweep zygote to uterus) – basal bodies
• peg cell (secretory cell = nutritive fluid) – pegs off apical

estrogen = stimulate ciliogenesis
progesterone = increase #of peg cells

Question 5

3 Layers and 3 Sections of Uterus

Answer 5

• endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium
• fundus, body, cervix

Question 6

Endometrium vs Myometrium

Answer 6

Endometrium
- simple columnar w/ ciliated and secretory cells
- uterine glands + highly vascular
- stratum functionale and stratum basale

Myometrium
- middle stratum vascularis layer (circular, blood vessels)
- outer and inner longitudinal layers

Question 7

Uterus Blood Supply

Answer 7

• arcuate artery + radial branch (myometrium)
• straight + spiral artery (stratum basale –> functionale)
• capillary + lacuna

Question 8

Endometrial Cycle

Answer 8

Proliferative Phase (estrogen)
- epithelial cells –> glands, more stromal cells = collagen

Secretory Phase (progesterone)
- early/mid/late
- glands large (corkscrew), fill w/ glycogen, lengthen spiral artery

Menstrual Phase
- drop hormone, contract spiral artery, vessels rupture
- stratum functionale lost as menstrual discharge

Question 9

Pregnancy vs Menstruation

Answer 9

placental cells = hCG = corpus luteum alive

• LH drop if no fertilization
• corpus luteum dies
• less estrogen and progesterone

Question 10

Cervix Components

Answer 10

• simple columnar epithelium with branched mucous secreting glands
• no spiral arteries
• epithelial cyst (blocked mucous glands)

Question 11

Cervix to Vagina Transition

Answer 11

• endocervix
• exocervix (stratified squamous non-keratinized)

Question 12

Vagina Structure

Answer 12

Mucosa
- stratified squamous non-keratinized
- estrogen = accumulation of glycogen
Muscularis
- thin inner and thick outer longitudinal layers
Adventitia