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OS 206 2nd Exam Trans > Overview - Sheet1 > Flashcards

Overview - Sheet1 Flashcards

1
Q

constituents of secretion (inorganic, organic)

A

inorganic - ions (H only in stomach, HCO3 only in small int; organic - enzymes, growth factors, immunoglobins

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2
Q

phases of integrative response; what integrates these?

A

cephalic and oral; integrated by chemosomes (olfactory and gustatory cells)

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3
Q

flavor =

A

taste and odor

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4
Q

type of secretions: parotid, submandibular, sublingual

A

parotid - serous; subman - both; sublingual - mucous

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5
Q

how much saliva produced per day

A

1.5 L

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6
Q

saliva: primary secretion? main driving force?

A

isotonic, Na K ATPase

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7
Q

saliva: ductal secretion? main driving force? net absorption and secretion?

A

hypotonic and alkaline, Na K ATPase; absorption of Na Cl, secretion of K and HCO3

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8
Q

increase in amount of saliva -> effect on electrolytes?

A

K - CONSTANT; Na Cl - increase, HCO3 - inc to a certain level

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9
Q

control of salivary secretion? compare with the rest of GI tract

A

predominantly neural (PARASYMPATHETIC greater control); rest of GI under hormonal control

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10
Q

gastric juice: components (inorganic, organic)

A

inorganic - HCl, K, Na, HCO3; organic - pepsinogen, IF, mucous

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11
Q

gastric juice: which electrolyte is always higher than in plasma? main anion?

A

K, Cl

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12
Q

gastric juice: effects of high/low flow rates

A

low flow -> hypotonic; high flow -> isotonic

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13
Q

gastric juice: effect of high/low secretion (ions)

A

high secretion -> high H, Cl; low Na; low secretion -> high Na, low H, K CONSTANT (parang salivaaa)

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14
Q

rate of secretion of gastric acid (basal, maximal, when greatest secretion?)

A

basal - 1-5 mEq/hr; maximal stimulation - 6-40 mEq/hr; greater at night

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15
Q

how to treat hyperacidity?

A

give proton pump inhibitors (H K ATPase)

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16
Q

2 shits that increase intracellular calcium, opening Cl channels and H K ATPases, hence more H secretion

A

Ach and CCK

17
Q

primary stimulator for acid secretion

A

Ach

18
Q

T/F? Ach - neurocrine; gastrin - endocrine; histamine - paracrine; which is the strongest agonist?

A

T; HISTAMINE

19
Q

antagonists of acid secretion? which is most important?

A

acid (

20
Q

pepsin: pH activation? how much can it digest?

A

pH 3 or below; 20% OF PTN IN A MEAL

21
Q

what is required for normal absorption of vitamin b12

A

INTRINSIC FACTOR

22
Q

enhance secretion of mucous and bicarbonate

A

Ach

23
Q

how thick is the gastric mucosal barrier? pH at cell surface vs lumen?

A

0.2 mm; cell surface - 7; lumen - 1-2

24
Q

inhibits secretion of mucus and bicarbonate, may lead to

A

NSAIDS (aspirin), may lead to gastric ulcer

25
Q

diminishes bicarbonate layer, may lead to

A

adrenergic agonist (NE, E?), may lead to stress ulcer

26
Q

pancreatic juice: effect of high/low secretion rate

A

osmolality = plasma osmolality at ALL Lsecretion rates

27
Q

pancreatic juice: compare electrolytes with plasma level

A

Na K same, HCO3 higher (to neutralize chyme), Cl lower

28
Q

hormonal control of pancreatic secretion (4)

A

secretin (bicarbonate rich), CCK (enzyme rich), VIP & gastrin - weak agonists

29
Q

pancreatic juice: cause increase in cAMP

A

secretin, VIP

30
Q

antagonist of pancreatic juice production, how?

A

somatostatin - decrease cAMP

31
Q

intestinal secretion - component, volume/day

A

mucus, electrolytes, water, 1500 ml /day

32
Q

colonic vs intestinal secretion

A

colonic - smaller in volume but richer in mucous

33
Q

colonic secretion: aqueous component high in what ions? secretion is driven by?

A

K, HCO3; Cl

34
Q

colonic secretion: stimulation

A

mechanical irritation, cholinergic

35
Q

uncorrected diarrhea - at risk of what 2 conditions?

A

hypokalemia (dec K) and metabolic acidosis (dec HCO3)

OS 206 2nd Exam Trans (7 decks)

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