Aging - Sheet1 Flashcards
protective factor
prostaglandin - inc mucus and bicarbonate secretion
aggressive factors (4)
NSAIDS (block prostaglandin synthesis), acidity, pepsin, H. pylori
esophagus: peristalsis, emptying, ues, les
tertiary (–> aspiration) & lower secondary peristalsis, slower esophageal emptying (dysphagia), lower ues pressure (delay relaxation, clearance of reflux), no change in les (?? i tot reduced intraabdominal length :( )
stomach changes: prostaglandin, IF, emptying, parietal cells
lower prostaglandin synthesis, lower IF (vit B12 deficiency rare), lower gastric emptying (satiety, weight loss), more parietal cells (more HCl production)
small int: villus, myenteric plexus, Ca absorption, vit D3
lower villus height, lower neuronal content of myenteric plexus (NO change in motility, transit, permeability), lower Ca absorption (age related bone loss), RESISTANCE to vit D3 (not dec in concen D3)
pancreas: duct, weight hyperplasia fibrosis, amylase trypsin lipase bicarb secretion
larger diameter, lower weight…, lower secretion (no effect blah)
liver brown due to
lipofuscin
phases of biotransformation of drugs; changes in aging?
phase I - redox/hydrolysis; parent drug into more polar metabolites; phase II - conjugation of parent drug/metabolite with additional substrate;; 1 decreases, 2 unchanged!
effect of lower hepatobiliary transport, inc chl secretion and bile acid synthesis
gallstones! (also lower sphincter of oddi diameter leading to entrapment; bigger bile duct diameter)
CCK
lower sensitivity, compensate by more production
colon mucosal changes and effect
more muscle layers, lower strength –> diverticulosis
what causes constipation in elderly (2)
lower perception of anorectal distention, delay in colonic transit
diarrhea, constipation medication causes in elderly
Mg antacids, Al antacids
leak fluid stool around obstructing feces
outflow incontinence/paradoxical diarrhea
