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OS 206 2nd Exam Trans > Motility - Sheet1 > Flashcards

Motility - Sheet1 Flashcards

1
Q

normally all sphincters are closed except

A

pyloric

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2
Q

when does mmc start

A

90-120 minutes after eating

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3
Q

saan walang mmc

A

esophagus and colon

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4
Q

mmc is initiated by? what acts like this?

A

motilin (secreted by stomach by vagal stimulation); erythromycin

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5
Q

phases of mmc

A

quiescent (longest), irregular contractions, luminal contractions

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6
Q

fed pattern vs mmc

A

fed: lower amplitutde of contractions; longer and continuous

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7
Q

time of transport: longest? shortest? significance?

A

longest in colon, shortest in esophagus. high chance of malignancy in colon

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8
Q

abdominal, thoracic pressure? tendency?

A

ab: +55, thoracic: -5; chyme should go up but prevented by esophageal sphincters

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9
Q

ues muscle; resting pressure; increased and decreased by?

A

cricopharyngeus; 50-150 mmHg; inc by respiration, distention, stress; dec by sleep and anesthesia

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10
Q

control of UES vs LES

A

UES - nervous; LES - nervous and hormonal

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11
Q

ues vs les vs stomach resting pressure

A

50-150 mmHg; 15-150 mmHg; 7-50 mmHg

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12
Q

stimulus of LES opening

A

esophageal peristalsis

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13
Q

LES control

A

nervous - vagus; hormonal - VIP, NO

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14
Q

NO mechanism

A

stimulates release of VIP -> cAMP & NO

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15
Q

effect on LES motility: gastrin, motilin

A

inc

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16
Q

effect on LES motility: CCK, estrogen, progesterone, secretin

A

dec

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17
Q

effect on LES motility: bombesin, enkephalin

A

inc

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18
Q

effect on LES motility: VIP, GIP

A

dec

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19
Q

effect on LES motility: antacids

A

inc

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20
Q

effect on LES motility: barbiturates (antidepressant), Ca blockers (hypertension), anticholinergics, theophylline (asthma, COPD)

A

dec

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21
Q

effect on LES motility: peppermint, chocolate, coffee, alcohol

22
Q

receptive relaxation is stimulated by? 2nd part?

A

swallowing; accommodation

23
Q

location of swallowing center

A

medulla and lower pons

24
Q

high LES pressure may cause what condition

A

(not contracting properly; poor peristalsis) achalasia

25
low LES pressure may cause what condition
(simultaneous contraction) non-cardiac chest pain
26
stomach fasting volume
50 ml (to 1.5 L?)
27
effect of vagotomy
easily feel full
28
gano kabilis gastric emptying; pyloric sphincter squirts how much hehe
2 hrs; 1-2 ml
29
effect of gastrin on gastric emptying, why?
inc, inc pyloric pump activity
30
gastric factors are inhibited by (4)
THOL hehe - tryptophan, high hydrogen ion, inc osmolality, high lipid
31
duodenal factors inhibited by (5)
DAIOpf - distention of duodenum, acidity of chyme, duodenal irritation, chyme osmolality, breakdown products of proteins and fat
32
factors that affect EGR (3)
secretin - acid; GIP, CCK (most potent?; prevent overeating??) - fat; gastrin - aa/peptide
33
vomiting center
medulla oblongata
34
part of the stomach - tonic force during emptying
fundus and body
35
passage of chyme @ ileocecal valve
1.5 L/day
36
ileocecal sphincter is relaxed by ?
gastrin from stomach (bc of peptide Y)
37
types of colonic movement
haustration (mixing), mass movement (propulsive)
38
urge to defecate: rectal and sigmoid pressure?
rectal 18 mmHg sigmoid 55 mmHg
39
esophageal rupture (syndrome)
boerhaave
40
sphincter of oddi resting pressure
10-25 mmHg (higher than pancreas and bile ducts)
41
tumor/obstruction @ esophagus
bland vomit
42
tumor/obstruction @ pylorus
acid vomit
43
tumor/obstruction @ proximal and 2nd part of duodenum
neutral/basic vomit
44
tumor/obstruction @ below duodenum
neutral/basic vomit, bile stain
45
tumor/obstruction @ right colon
diarrhea
46
tumor/obstruction @ left colon
constipation; scybalous
47
high/proximal vs low/colon obstruction
extreme vomiting; extreme constipation with less vomiting
48
high iron
hemochromatosis
49
high copper in liver, brain, etc
wilson's disease
50
GI pacemakers; most in? none in?
ICC (interstitial cells of cajal), most in duodenum, none in fundus and cardia

OS 206 2nd Exam Trans (7 decks)

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