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OS 206 2nd Exam Trans > Motility - Sheet1 > Flashcards

Motility - Sheet1 Flashcards

1
Q

normally all sphincters are closed except

A

pyloric

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2
Q

when does mmc start

A

90-120 minutes after eating

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3
Q

saan walang mmc

A

esophagus and colon

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4
Q

mmc is initiated by? what acts like this?

A

motilin (secreted by stomach by vagal stimulation); erythromycin

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5
Q

phases of mmc

A

quiescent (longest), irregular contractions, luminal contractions

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6
Q

fed pattern vs mmc

A

fed: lower amplitutde of contractions; longer and continuous

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7
Q

time of transport: longest? shortest? significance?

A

longest in colon, shortest in esophagus. high chance of malignancy in colon

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8
Q

abdominal, thoracic pressure? tendency?

A

ab: +55, thoracic: -5; chyme should go up but prevented by esophageal sphincters

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9
Q

ues muscle; resting pressure; increased and decreased by?

A

cricopharyngeus; 50-150 mmHg; inc by respiration, distention, stress; dec by sleep and anesthesia

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10
Q

control of UES vs LES

A

UES - nervous; LES - nervous and hormonal

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11
Q

ues vs les vs stomach resting pressure

A

50-150 mmHg; 15-150 mmHg; 7-50 mmHg

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12
Q

stimulus of LES opening

A

esophageal peristalsis

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13
Q

LES control

A

nervous - vagus; hormonal - VIP, NO

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14
Q

NO mechanism

A

stimulates release of VIP -> cAMP & NO

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15
Q

effect on LES motility: gastrin, motilin

A

inc

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16
Q

effect on LES motility: CCK, estrogen, progesterone, secretin

A

dec

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17
Q

effect on LES motility: bombesin, enkephalin

A

inc

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18
Q

effect on LES motility: VIP, GIP

A

dec

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19
Q

effect on LES motility: antacids

A

inc

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20
Q

effect on LES motility: barbiturates (antidepressant), Ca blockers (hypertension), anticholinergics, theophylline (asthma, COPD)

A

dec

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21
Q

effect on LES motility: peppermint, chocolate, coffee, alcohol

A

dec

22
Q

receptive relaxation is stimulated by? 2nd part?

A

swallowing; accommodation

23
Q

location of swallowing center

A

medulla and lower pons

24
Q

high LES pressure may cause what condition

A

(not contracting properly; poor peristalsis) achalasia

25
Q

low LES pressure may cause what condition

A

(simultaneous contraction) non-cardiac chest pain

26
Q

stomach fasting volume

A

50 ml (to 1.5 L?)

27
Q

effect of vagotomy

A

easily feel full

28
Q

gano kabilis gastric emptying; pyloric sphincter squirts how much hehe

A

2 hrs; 1-2 ml

29
Q

effect of gastrin on gastric emptying, why?

A

inc, inc pyloric pump activity

30
Q

gastric factors are inhibited by (4)

A

THOL hehe - tryptophan, high hydrogen ion, inc osmolality, high lipid

31
Q

duodenal factors inhibited by (5)

A

DAIOpf - distention of duodenum, acidity of chyme, duodenal irritation, chyme osmolality, breakdown products of proteins and fat

32
Q

factors that affect EGR (3)

A

secretin - acid; GIP, CCK (most potent?; prevent overeating??) - fat; gastrin - aa/peptide

33
Q

vomiting center

A

medulla oblongata

34
Q

part of the stomach - tonic force during emptying

A

fundus and body

35
Q

passage of chyme @ ileocecal valve

A

1.5 L/day

36
Q

ileocecal sphincter is relaxed by ?

A

gastrin from stomach (bc of peptide Y)

37
Q

types of colonic movement

A

haustration (mixing), mass movement (propulsive)

38
Q

urge to defecate: rectal and sigmoid pressure?

A

rectal 18 mmHg sigmoid 55 mmHg

39
Q

esophageal rupture (syndrome)

A

boerhaave

40
Q

sphincter of oddi resting pressure

A

10-25 mmHg (higher than pancreas and bile ducts)

41
Q

tumor/obstruction @ esophagus

A

bland vomit

42
Q

tumor/obstruction @ pylorus

A

acid vomit

43
Q

tumor/obstruction @ proximal and 2nd part of duodenum

A

neutral/basic vomit

44
Q

tumor/obstruction @ below duodenum

A

neutral/basic vomit, bile stain

45
Q

tumor/obstruction @ right colon

A

diarrhea

46
Q

tumor/obstruction @ left colon

A

constipation; scybalous

47
Q

high/proximal vs low/colon obstruction

A

extreme vomiting; extreme constipation with less vomiting

48
Q

high iron

A

hemochromatosis

49
Q

high copper in liver, brain, etc

A

wilson’s disease

50
Q

GI pacemakers; most in? none in?

A

ICC (interstitial cells of cajal), most in duodenum, none in fundus and cardia

OS 206 2nd Exam Trans (7 decks)

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