Overview of The Function of The Cardiovascular system

Question 1

What does the blood flow sytsem of the CVS carry?

Answer 1

Question 2

If the pumps are in series (right and left ventricle) what does this imply?

Answer 2

Output must be equal

Question 3

Why are most vascular beds in parallel?

Answer 3

Ensures all tissues get blood,

Allows regional redirection of blood

Can send different proportions of blood to match specific requirements to different parts of the body.

Question 4

Give an example of when there are local regions of vessels being in series

Answer 4

Blood flow system between liver and gut

Hypothalamus releasing hormones which travel directly to the anterior pituitary

Question 5

Why does the skin receive more oxygen than it uses?

Answer 5

Thermoregulation

Question 6

Which organs receive less of the percentage cardiac output than percentage oxygen consumption?

Answer 6

Question 7

How do you calculate flow?

Answer 7

Question 8

How is difference in pressure calculated?

Answer 8

Pressure difference = Mean Arterial Pressure –

Central Venous Pressure

Affects all tissues

Question 9

How is the resistance calculated?

Answer 9

Controlled by radius⁴

Decreasing radius by half increases resistance to the power 4, 16 fold

Selectively redirects flow

Question 10

Which vessels can affect resistance and influence blood distribution?

Answer 10

Arterioles

Question 11

How does the size of blood vessels change?

Answer 11

Arteries - arterioles - capillaries

Question 12

How does the size of the veins change?

Answer 12

Capillaries - venules - veins

Question 13

What are elastic arteries?

Answer 13

Question 14

What are muscular arteries?

Answer 14

Question 15

What are resistance vessels?

Answer 15

Question 16

What are exchange vessels?

Answer 16

Question 17

What are capacitance vessels?

Answer 17

Question 18

Are valves active or passive?

Answer 18

Passive

Question 19

What separates the ventricles?

Answer 19

Interventricular septum

Question 20

What vein enters the right atrium?

Answer 20

Vena cava

Question 21

What is the mitral valve?

Answer 21

Valve between left atrium and left ventricle

Has two tapered cusps

Question 22

Define the tricuspid valve?

Answer 22

Valve at the opening of right atrium into right ventricle

Resembles mitral valve in structure but consists of three triangular membranous flaps (also called right atrioventricular valve)

Question 23

Define chordae tendinae

Answer 23

tendons that connect papillary muscles to tricuspid valve and mitral valve

Question 24

Define papillary muscle

Answer 24

Muscles located in ventricles of heart

Attach to cusps of atrioventricular valves via chordae tendineae and contract to prevent inversion or prolapse of valves on systole (ventricular contraction)