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cardiovascular system year 1 > overview of the CVS > Flashcards

overview of the CVS Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of the CVS

A

bulk flow system

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2
Q

what does the CVS transport

A 
oxygen and carbon dioxide
nutrients
metabolites
hormones
heat
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3
Q

how is the CVS flexible?

A

pump can vary output
vessels can redirect blood
vessels can store blood

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4
Q

describe the structure of the CVS

A

heart –> lungs –> heart –> body –> heart

the pumps are in series

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5
Q

what is important about the pumps being in series

A

output must be equal

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6
Q

most vascular beds are in …

A

parallel - blood goes to all of them at the same time

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7
Q

what is important about vascular beds being in parallel

A

all tissues get oxygenated blood
allows regional redirection of blood
there are some exceptions

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8
Q

what are the 2 exceptions to parallel vascular beds

A

hypothalamus and anterior pituitary
liver
these are known as portal systems

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9
Q

describe the hypothalamus and pituitary vascular bed

A

blood goes to the hypothalamus first then the anterior pituitary

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10
Q

describe the vascular bed in the liver

A

blood from the gut goes directly to the liver

the liver also has its own direct blood supply

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11
Q

CO vs oxygen consumption of the brain

A

13 vs 18

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12
Q

CO vs oxygen consumption of the heart

A

4 vs 10

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13
Q

CO vs oxygen consumption of the skeletal muscle

A

20 vs 20

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14
Q

CO vs oxygen consumption of the skin

A

9 vs 2

thermoregulatory functions

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15
Q

CO vs oxygen consumption of the kidneys

A

20 vs 6

recieves a lot more blood than it needs, necessary for pressure filtration

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16
Q

CO vs oxygen consumption of the abdominal organs

A

24 vs 30

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17
Q

how is blood redirected during exercise

A

pressure difference = mean arterial pressure - central venous pressure
this affects all tissue

18
Q

what is the equation relating flow, pressure difference and resistance

A

flow = pressure difference / resistance

19
Q

what is the equation for pressure difference

A

pressure difference = mean arterial pressure - central venous pressure

20
Q

resistance is controlled by …

A

radius ^4

this selectively redirects flow

21
Q

why are arterioles called resistance vessels

A

they act as the taps controlling resistance and therefore flow to each vascular bed

22
Q

elastic arteries

A

aorta
wide lumen
elastic wall with lots of elastic fibres
dampen pressure variations

23
Q

muscular arteries

A

wide lumen
strong, non-elastic wall
low resistance conduit

24
Q

resistance vessels

A 
arterioles
narrow lumen 
thick, contractile, muscular wall 
control resistance and therefore flow 
allow regional redirection of blood
25
Q

exchange vessels

A

capillaries
narrow lumen
thin wall - one cell thick, small barrier to diffusion

26
Q

capacitance vessels

A 
venules and veins 
wide lumen
distensible wall 
low resistance conduit and reservoir
allows fractional redistribution of blood between the veins and the rest of the circulation
27
Q

define fractional distribution

A

how much of the total blood volume is sitting in the capacitance vessels

28
Q

what is the role of the septum in the heart

A

divides the left and right side to separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

29
Q

how is the myocardium different on the L and R side of the heart

A

heart muscle

thicker on the L

30
Q

atrium

A

recieveing chamber

31
Q

ventricle

A

pumping chamber

32
Q

aorta

A

blood leaving LV to the body

33
Q

vena cava

A

blood entering RA from the body

divided into inferior and superior

34
Q

pulmonary trunk

A

artery taking blood away from RV to the lungs

35
Q

pulmonary veins

A

vein taking blood into the LA from the lungs

36
Q

aortic valve

A

semi-lunar valve

stops blood re-entering LV

37
Q

pulmonary valve

A

semi-lunar

stops blood re-entering RV

38
Q

mitral valve

A

L AV valve

bicuspid

39
Q

tricuspid valve

A

R AV valve

40
Q

chordae tendinae

A

tendinous chords attached to the valves to hold them in place

41
Q

papillary muscles

A

muscles attached to the chords

allows the chords to shorten at the right time and prevents the valves inverting when the pressure is high

42
Q

what causes valves to open/close

A

pressure in the heart

all the valves are passive

cardiovascular system year 1 (13 decks)

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