Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

cardiovascular system year 1 > histology of blood vessels > Flashcards

histology of blood vessels Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 layers of blood vessels

A

tunica externa (adventitia) tunica media tunica intima

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

in the heart, whch layers correspond with the 3 tunicas

A

tunica intima = endocardium tunica media (muscle layer) = myocardium tunica externa = epicardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

stucture of tunica intima

A

epithelium, BM, connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

structure of tunica media

A

muscle + elastic tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

difference between epicardium and tunica externa

A

epicardium - fibrous connective tissue, BM, epithelium tunica externa - fibrous connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

diameter of artery vs vein

A

arteries are smaller diameter than accompanying vein veins tend to be floppy and expanded due to thinner TM than artieries which are more contracted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

wall of artery vs vein

A

arteries have thicker wall than accompanying vein arteries have thin TM and thin adventitia (less need to stabilise) vein has thicker adventitia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

tunica media and adventitia thickness artery vs vein

A

artery - thick media, thin adventitia vein - thin media, thick adventitia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

individual diameters of blood vessels comparison

A

artery > arterioles > capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

total cross sectional area of blood vessels comparison

A

arteries < arterioles < capillaries capillary bed has huge SA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the 3 types of arteries

A

elastic muscular arterioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

elastic arteries

A

large conducting expand and contract to move blood around e.g. aorta, common carotid, pulmonary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

muscular arteries

A

distributing arteries less elasticity, more of a channel for the blood e.g. coronary arteries, radial, femoral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

arterioles

A

terminal branches which supply blood to the capillary bed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the function of elastic arteries

A

pressure reservoir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

state of elastic arteries during systole and diastole

A

stretched during systole during diastole heart relaxes, pressure falls, artery recoils, maintaining pressure on the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the recoil and stretchability in elastic arteries due to

A

presence of extensive amounts of elastic fibres in tunica media in the form of layers (laminae)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the elastic fibres in elastic arteries secreted by

A

smooth muscle cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what type of vessel is this and why?

A

elastic artery

very thin tunica intima

lots of layers of elastic fibres in the TM which are obscuring the muscle

elastic fibres occur in layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the function of muscular arteries

A

controls distribution of blood to regions

21
Q

describe the structure of muscular arteries

A

thick tunica media has smooth muscle cells

no elastic laminae between muscle cells in TM

elastic fibres are concentrated in 2 well defined sheets called the internal elastic lamina (IEL)just under the epithelium and the external/outer elastic lamina (OEL) between TM and TA

22
Q

what type of blood vessel is this and why

A

muscular artery

smooth muscle cells

presence of OEL and IEL

23
Q

streucture of arterioles

A

no IEL

only 1-2 layers of smooth muscle in TM

no T adventitia

round oval nuclei visible in smooth muscle

24
Q

function of arterioles

A

smaller muscular arteries gradually change histologically to become arterioles

control blood flow to capillary beds (local)

control systemic blood pressure

25
Q

nerve innervation of arterioles

A

rich sympathetic nerve innervation

controls diameter

26
Q

what type of blood vessel is this and why

A

arteriole

27
Q

function of capillaries

A

main exchange site for nutrients and gases

low BP

28
Q

structure of capillaries

A

very thin walled

T intima only - endothelium on BM

no TM or TA

pericytes

sum of diameters of all capillaries in body > diameter of aorta

lumen only big enough for one RBC

29
Q

what are pericytes

A

incomplete layer of cells surrounding BM

have contractile properties which help control the flow of blood in the capillaries

30
Q

what type of blood vessel is this and why

A

capillaries

31
Q

what are the 3 types of capillaries

A

continuous

fenestrated

discontinuous

32
Q

continuous capillaries

A

no gaps in endothelium

complete basal lamina

found in muscles

33
Q

fenestrated capillaries

A

fenestrated endothelial lining

complete basal lamina

allows more substance through

gaps are sometimes abridged by protein membranes but not always

found in endocrine glands

34
Q

discontinuous capillaries

A

fenestrated endothelial lining

incomplete basal lamina

lots of stuff allowed through

found in liver sinusoids

35
Q

function of continuous capillaries

A

can control what is exchanged

material must pass through cell or between cells

junctions can control transport - selective transport mechanisms

36
Q

fenestrated capillary function

A

fenestrations

with or without protein diaphragms which filter molecules by MW and/or charge

e.g. endocrine glands, kidney renal corpuscle

37
Q

function of discontinuous capillaries

A

gaps between endothelial cells and BM

allow free passage of fluid and cells

e.g. liver, spleen, bone marrow

38
Q

sinusoids

A

large diameter discontinuous capillaries

found where large amount of exchage takes place

TI contains phagocytic cells

e.g. liver, some endocrine glands

39
Q

capillary beds and arteriovenous shunts

A

bypasse capillary beds

e.g. in skin for thermoregulation

40
Q

veins blood vessel progression

A

capillary bed

small venule

small-medium vein

large

41
Q

structure of veins

A

thin TI

IEL and OEL thin or absent

TM very thin or absent

TA - collagenous tissue

valves to prevent backflow (endothelial projections into lumen)

42
Q

what can the failure of valves in veins lead to

A

varicose veins

43
Q

what type of blood vessel is this

A

vein

44
Q

superficial vs deep veins

A

difference most obvious in lower limb

veins tend to have a corresponding artery that they mirror

superficial - thick walled compared to deep, no surrounding support

deep - thin walled, surrounding support from deep fascia and muscle, close to the bone

45
Q

lympathic system

A

tends to lie next to big vessels (esp veins), nodes found alongside major veins and origins of major arteries

drains tissue fluid lost from blood capillaries

drains into the systemic venous system

valves direct flow

46
Q

why is the lymphatic system clinically important

A

tumour cell metastases

cancerous cells can easily spread to other places in the body

lymphogenic spread - spread through the lymphatic system

47
Q

describe the structure of lymph capillaries

A

blind ended capillaries

lined by very thin endothelium

no fenestrations

absent/rudimentary basal lamina

lumen maintained at -ve hydrostatic pressure

anchoring filaments - fine collagenous filaments link endothelial cell to surrounding tissue keeping lumen open

NO RBC in lumen

48
Q

blood vessels as organs

A

nerve supply - sympathetic (skin), sympathetic + parasympathetic (heart)

blood supply - vasa vasorum (vessels of the vessels)

lymphatics in T adventitia

cardiovascular system year 1 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions