Overview of the Cell Structure Flashcards
Sometimes called the plasma membrane
Cell membrane
Separates the cell from the outside environment
Cell Membrane
Largest organelle
Cytoplasm
Contains all organelles of the cell
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm contains gel-like materials known as ______
Cytosol
The membrane factory of a cell
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Responsible for the processing, packaging, and sorting of secretory materials for use within and outside the cell.
Golgi Apparatus
Packaging house of a cell
Golgi Apparatus
Powerhouse of the cell
Mitochondrion (plural, mitochondria)
Supports and protects the cell and is selectively permeable
Cell membrane
The endoplasmic reticulum is made up of flattened sacs called _______
Cisternae
Part of the endoplasmic reticulum that has the presence of ribosomes
Rough ER
Is involved with the production, folding, quality control and dispatch of some proteins.
Rough ER
Largely associated with lipid (fat) manufacture and metabolism and steroid production hormone production.
Smooth ER
Produces new membranes; a membrane factory of the cell.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Composed of sets of cisternae and numerous vesicles filled with fluid and suspended substances.
Golgi Apparatus
The numerous folds in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion
Cristae
Space inside the inner membrane of the mitochondrion
Matrix
The energy currency of the cell
ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate
Small, spherical, membrane-bound organelles which contain a number of enzymes for intracellular digestion.
Lysosomes
Contains 40 kinds of enzymes that help digest food, disease-causing bacteria engulfed by white blood cells, and worn-out and broken parts of the cell.
Lysosomes
Sometimes called “suicide bags” because they replace worn out cells that are to be digested.
Lysosomes
Large dense granules with membranes
Secretory granules
Fuse with the cell membrane to secrete substances such as enzymes, proteins, and signaling molecules out of the cell
Secretory granules
Membrane-bound sacs that are used to store or transport substances around the cell.
Vesicles
Lysosomes are actually ______
Vesicles
Non-membranous substances and structures suspended in the cytoplasm with varying functions.
Cytoplasmic Inclusions
The most numerous of all cytoplasmic structures.
Ribosomes
They are the sites where proteins are made.
Ribosomes
They are produced at the nucleolus
Ribosomes
It translate genetic information in the form of mRNA into proteins.
Ribosomes
Arepaired barrel-shaped organelles located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope.
Centrioles
Its wall is composed of nine groups of parallel subunits arranged in longitudinal fashion and is usually adjacent to the nucleus of animal cell.
Centrioles
Organizing microtubules that serve as the cell’s skeletal system and helps with cell division in animal cells
Centriole
Are long, slender, protein tubes and forms the cytoskeleton of the cell together with the microfilaments.
Microtubules
Cytoplasmic inclusion that play a role in maintaining cell shape.
Microtubules
Support the cell to maintain its structure and shape as it provides resiliency against forces that can alter the shape of the cell.
Microfilaments
Example of microfilaments
Spindle fibers
Found in most eukaryotic cells and are absent in prokaryotic cells
Nucleus
Store the cell’s DNA, maintain its integrity, and facilitate its transcription and replication.
Nucleus
It is the site where nucleic acids are synthesized and, therefore directs all the activities of the cell.
Nucleus
Serves as a site for the storage of hereditary factors and is the source of ribonucleic acid (RNA),
Nucleus
Two-layered outer limit of the nucleus separating it from the cytoplasm.
Nuclear membrane or Nuclear envelope
Part of the nucleus that is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum
Nuclear membrane
The dense, protein-rich substance inside the nucleus
Nucleoplasm
Responsible for the formation/production of ribosomes
Nucleolus
Act as selective channels between the cytoplasm and the inside of the nucleus, selectively allowing molecules which contain the correct localization signals pass in and out.
Nuclear pores
Can be seen in the nuclear envelope and serves as a gate for the nucleus and cytoplasm
Nuclear pores
Found inside the nucleus that is made up of DNA and proteins, and forms chromosomes during cell division.
Chromatin
DNA double helix are clumped up with Histones (proteins) that form the (a) _____, which eventually form the (b) _____ when clumped together
(a) Nucleosome
(b) Chromatin
Chromatin lumped together form (a) _______ which eventually turns into a (b) _____ and form the (c) _______
(a) Chromatin fiber
(b) loop
(c) Chromosome
The outermost rigid covering of plant cells and is primarily composed of cellulose embedded in hardening compounds such as pectin and lignin.
Cannot be found in animal cells
Cell Wall
Are larger and more centrally located in plant cells than in animal cells and stores enzymes and waste products.
Water vacuoles
Occupies as much as 90 percent of the cell in mature cells
Water Vacuoles
serves as a living bridge between cells
plasmodesmata
Synthesis of ribosomes
Nucleolus
