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Gen Bio 1 > Overview of the Cell Structure > Flashcards

Overview of the Cell Structure Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Sometimes called the plasma membrane

A

Cell membrane

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2
Q

Separates the cell from the outside environment

A

Cell Membrane

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3
Q

Largest organelle

A

Cytoplasm

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4
Q

Contains all organelles of the cell

A

Cytoplasm

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5
Q

Cytoplasm contains gel-like materials known as ______

A

Cytosol

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6
Q

The membrane factory of a cell

A

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

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7
Q

Responsible for the processing, packaging, and sorting of secretory materials for use within and outside the cell.

A

Golgi Apparatus

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8
Q

Packaging house of a cell

A

Golgi Apparatus

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9
Q

Powerhouse of the cell

A

Mitochondrion (plural, mitochondria)

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10
Q

Supports and protects the cell and is selectively permeable

A

Cell membrane

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11
Q

The endoplasmic reticulum is made up of flattened sacs called _______

A

Cisternae

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12
Q

Part of the endoplasmic reticulum that has the presence of ribosomes

A

Rough ER

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13
Q

Is involved with the production, folding, quality control and dispatch of some proteins.

A

Rough ER

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14
Q

Largely associated with lipid (fat) manufacture and metabolism and steroid production hormone production.

A

Smooth ER

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15
Q

Produces new membranes; a membrane factory of the cell.

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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16
Q

Composed of sets of cisternae and numerous vesicles filled with fluid and suspended substances.

A

Golgi Apparatus

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17
Q

The numerous folds in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion

A

Cristae

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18
Q

Space inside the inner membrane of the mitochondrion

A

Matrix

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19
Q

The energy currency of the cell

A

ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate

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20
Q

Small, spherical, membrane-bound organelles which contain a number of enzymes for intracellular digestion.

A

Lysosomes

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21
Q

Contains 40 kinds of enzymes that help digest food, disease-causing bacteria engulfed by white blood cells, and worn-out and broken parts of the cell.

A

Lysosomes

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22
Q

Sometimes called “suicide bags” because they replace worn out cells that are to be digested.

A

Lysosomes

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23
Q

Large dense granules with membranes

A

Secretory granules

24
Q

Fuse with the cell membrane to secrete substances such as enzymes, proteins, and signaling molecules out of the cell

A

Secretory granules

25
Q

Membrane-bound sacs that are used to store or transport substances around the cell.

A

Vesicles

26
Q

Lysosomes are actually ______

A

Vesicles

27
Q

Non-membranous substances and structures suspended in the cytoplasm with varying functions.

A

Cytoplasmic Inclusions

28
Q

The most numerous of all cytoplasmic structures.

A

Ribosomes

29
Q

They are the sites where proteins are made.

A

Ribosomes

30
Q

They are produced at the nucleolus

A

Ribosomes

31
Q

It translate genetic information in the form of mRNA into proteins.

A

Ribosomes

32
Q

Arepaired barrel-shaped organelles located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope.

A

Centrioles

33
Q

Its wall is composed of nine groups of parallel subunits arranged in longitudinal fashion and is usually adjacent to the nucleus of animal cell.

A

Centrioles

34
Q

Organizing microtubules that serve as the cell’s skeletal system and helps with cell division in animal cells

A

Centriole

35
Q

Are long, slender, protein tubes and forms the cytoskeleton of the cell together with the microfilaments.

A

Microtubules

36
Q

Cytoplasmic inclusion that play a role in maintaining cell shape.

A

Microtubules

37
Q

Support the cell to maintain its structure and shape as it provides resiliency against forces that can alter the shape of the cell.

A

Microfilaments

38
Q

Example of microfilaments

A

Spindle fibers

39
Q

Found in most eukaryotic cells and are absent in prokaryotic cells

A

Nucleus

40
Q

Store the cell’s DNA, maintain its integrity, and facilitate its transcription and replication.

A

Nucleus

41
Q

It is the site where nucleic acids are synthesized and, therefore directs all the activities of the cell.

A

Nucleus

42
Q

Serves as a site for the storage of hereditary factors and is the source of ribonucleic acid (RNA),

A

Nucleus

43
Q

Two-layered outer limit of the nucleus separating it from the cytoplasm.

A

Nuclear membrane or Nuclear envelope

44
Q

Part of the nucleus that is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum

A

Nuclear membrane

45
Q

The dense, protein-rich substance inside the nucleus

A

Nucleoplasm

46
Q

Responsible for the formation/production of ribosomes

A

Nucleolus

47
Q

Act as selective channels between the cytoplasm and the inside of the nucleus, selectively allowing molecules which contain the correct localization signals pass in and out.

A

Nuclear pores

48
Q

Can be seen in the nuclear envelope and serves as a gate for the nucleus and cytoplasm

A

Nuclear pores

49
Q

Found inside the nucleus that is made up of DNA and proteins, and forms chromosomes during cell division.

A

Chromatin

50
Q

DNA double helix are clumped up with Histones (proteins) that form the (a) _____, which eventually form the (b) _____ when clumped together

A

(a) Nucleosome
(b) Chromatin

51
Q

Chromatin lumped together form (a) _______ which eventually turns into a (b) _____ and form the (c) _______

A

(a) Chromatin fiber
(b) loop
(c) Chromosome

52
Q

The outermost rigid covering of plant cells and is primarily composed of cellulose embedded in hardening compounds such as pectin and lignin.

Cannot be found in animal cells

A

Cell Wall

53
Q

Are larger and more centrally located in plant cells than in animal cells and stores enzymes and waste products.

A

Water vacuoles

54
Q

Occupies as much as 90 percent of the cell in mature cells

A

Water Vacuoles

55
Q

serves as a living bridge between cells

A

plasmodesmata

56
Q

Synthesis of ribosomes

A

Nucleolus

Gen Bio 1 (6 decks)

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