Overview of the Brain Flashcards
What are the ridges of the brain called?
Gyri
What are the depressions in the brain called?
Sulci
What separates the twohemispheres?
The medial longitudional fissure
What connects the two hemispheres together?
The corpus callosum
What are the parts of the corpus callosum?
The rostrum, genu, body and splenium
What lobe mostly lies in the anterior cranial fossa?
The frontal lobe
What lobe lies mostly in the middle rcanial fossa?
The temporal and parietal lobes
What lobe lies mostly in the posterior cranial fosssa?
The occipital lobe
What structure does the occipital lobe lie on?
The tentorium cerebelli
Where is the insular lobe located?
Deep in the lateral fussure
What is the limbic lobe and what does it contain?
It is a functional lobe and it contains the Cingulate gyrus, parahippocampla gyrus, olfactory bulb and tract and other areas of cortex.
What areas does the limbic lobe deal with?
Emotions and intellect
Where is the precentral gyrus?
Anterior to the central sulcus
Where is the Broca’s speech area?
In the inferior frontal gyrus of the left hemisphere.
Where is the primary motor area?
IN the precentral gyrus
Where are other motor areas (besides the primary motor area)?
rostral to the precentral gyrus
What is the prefrontal cortex responsible for?
Personality, judgement
Where is the primary sensory cortex?
The postcentral gyrus
What divides the parietal lobe into inferior and superior lobes?
The intraparietal sulcus
Where is the sensory association cortes?
posterior parietal lobe (integration and perception)
Where is the hippocampus?
Deeo in the parahippocampal gyrus of the Temporal lobe
Where is the uncus?
The medial tip of the parahippocampal gyrus
Where is the amygdala?
Deep to the the uncus
Where is the primary aruditory ortex?
superior temporal gyrus
Where is language comprehension located?
Wernicke’s area in the superior temporal gyrus
Where are emotional and visceral responses happening?
In the aygdala
Where does learning and memory take place?
Hippocampus
What seperates the occipital lobe?
The calcarine fissure
Where is the primary visual cortex?
on either side of the calcarine fissure
Where is the visual association cortex?
Rest of occipital lobe (besides primary visual cortex)
What does the diencephalon contain?
The hypothalamus, thalamus, subthalamus and epithalamus
What seperates the diencephelon from the midbrain?
A line drawn from the mamillary bodies
Where is the optic chiasm in relation to the diencephalon?
Anterior to diencephalon
How and where does the pituitary gland attach?
Pituitary gland connects to the hypothalamus vis the infundibular stalk
What is the function of the thalamus?
Integration and relay center for sensory, motor and limbic systems
What is the function of the hypothalamus?
Control of ANS and endocrine systems via connection with the limbic system
What is the function of the subthalamus?
Motor function related to basal ganglia
What is the midline of the cerebellum?
The vermis
What are the different lobes of the cerebelum?
Anterior lobe, posterior lobe,flocculonodular lobe (contains the flocculus and the nodules
What is the arrangement of the flocculonodular lobe?
The flocculi are bilateral and the nodules are the midline
What seperates anterior and posterior cerebellum?
The primary fissure
What seperates the posterior lobe of the cerebellum from the flocculonodular lobe?
The posteriolateral fissure
What are the cerebellar peduncles? Where do they attach?
Connect the cerebellum to the brain stem.
Superior peduncle–>midbrain
Middle Peduncle–>Pons
Inferior peduncle–>Medulla
Where does the midbrain lie?
Lies at the junction of middle and posterior cranial fossa
What two cranial nerves come out of the midbrain?
CN III, CN IV
What structures are on the dorsal surface of the midbrain? What are they known collectively as?
Superior and inferior colliculi. The corpera quadrigemina
What is the expanded portion of the pons called? Which side is it located on?
The basilar pons. Located anteriorly
The dorsal surface of the pons makes up what structure?
The floor of the 4th ventricle
What cranial nerves exit from the pontomedullary junction?
CN VI, VII, VIII
Where does the medulla run from?
From the pons to the foramen magnum?
What structure are located on either side of the midline of the medulla?
The pyramids, two long columns containing corticospinal axons
What structures are located lateral to the pyramids on the medulla?
The olives
What CN’s are located posterior to the olive?
CN IX, X, XI are all located in the postolivary sulcus
What CN’s are located anterior to the olive?
CN XII is located in the preolivary sulcus
Where does CN I exit the skull?
Through the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone
What bones are part of the anterior cranial fossa?
Frontal bone, Ethmoid bone, and the sphenoid bone (up to the lesser wings)
What bones make up the middle cranial fossa?
Sphenoid bone (from the lesser wings), temporal bone, parietal bone
What two parts make up the temppral bone?
Squamous and petrous portion
Where does CN II exit?
The optic canal of the sphenoid bone
Which CN’s exit the superior orbital fissure?
CN III, IV, VI, V1
What CN nerve exits the foramen rotundum?
CN V2
What cranial nerve exits foramen ovale?
CN V3
What structure exits foramen spinosum?
The middle meningeal artery
What bones make up the posterior cranial fossa?
Part of the sphneoid bone, petrous portion of temporal bone, occipital bone, parietal bone
What CN’s come out of the internal acoustic meatus?
CN VII and VIII
What CN’s exit the jugular foramen?
CN’s IX, X, and XI
What CN’s exit the hypoglossal canal?
CN XII
