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Neuro 1 > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

From First Lecture of CNs

1
Q

Describe the fxn of olfactory n.

A

smell

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2
Q

Describe the connection of olfactory n. to the brain.

A

enters anterior frontal lobe via cribiform plate of ethmoid bone

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3
Q

Describe the fxn of optic n.

A

vision

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4
Q

Describe the connection of optic n. to the brain

A

originates in retina, to diencephalon, to optic chiasm/optic tract

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5
Q

Describe the fxn of oculomotor n.

A

moves eye up, down, medially
raises upper eyelid
constricts pupil
adjusts shape of lens

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6
Q

Describe the connection of oculomotor n. to the brain

A

midbrain

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7
Q

Describe the fxn of trochlear n.

A

moves eye medially and down

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8
Q

Describe the connection of trochlear n.. to the brain

A

midbrain below inferior colliculi

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9
Q

Describe the fxn of trigeminal n.

A

facial sensation, chewing, sensation from TMJ joint

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10
Q

Describe the connection of trigeminal n.. to the brain

A

pons

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11
Q

Describe the fxn of abducens n.

A

abducts eye

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12
Q

Describe the connection ofabducens n. to the brain

A

pontomedullary jxn

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13
Q

Describe the fxn of facial n.

A

facial expression, closes eye, tears, salivation, taste (anterior 2/3 of tongue)

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14
Q

Describe the connection of facial n.. to the brain

A

pontomedullary jxn

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15
Q

Describe the fxn of vestibulocochlear n.

A

sensation of head position relative to gravity and head movement; hearing

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16
Q

Describe the connection of vestibulocochlear n. to the brain

A

pontomedullary jxn; exits posterior cranial fossa via internal acoustic meatus

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17
Q

Describe the fxn of glossopharnygeal n.

A

swallowing, salivation, taste (posterior 1/3 of tongue)

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18
Q

Describe the connection of glossopharnygeal n. to the brain

A

medulla; postolivary sulcus

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19
Q

Describe the fxn of vagus n.

A

regulates viscera, swallowing, speech, taste

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20
Q

Describe the connection of vagus n. to the brain

A

medulla; postolivary sulcus

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21
Q

Describe the fxn of accessory n.

A

elevates shoulders, turns head

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22
Q

Describe the connection of accessory n. to the brain

A

SC and medulla; postolivary sulcus

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23
Q

Describe the fxn of hypoglossal n.

A

moves tongue

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24
Q

Describe the connection of hypoglossal n. to the brain

A

medulla; preolivary sulcus

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25
Q

Which CN’s are bipolar ganglion cells?

A

I, II, VIII (special sensory nerves)

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26
Q

Which nerve is part of CNS?

A

CN II

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27
Q

Which neurons can undergo mitosis?

A

Olfactory (CNI)

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28
Q

Which CN has central fibers that run a few mm in length and connect extensively with limbic system?

A

Olfactory (CNI) - smells can evoke memory, emotions

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29
Q

How is Olfactory (CNI) tested?

A

familiar odors

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30
Q

What typically causes lesions of Olfactory (CNI)?

A

facial fractures

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31
Q

Test visual fields for which nerve lesion?

A

CN II

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32
Q

Some fibers from each optic nerve cross at which strucutre?

A

optic chiasm

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33
Q

Where are motor and sensory nuclei of trigeminal n. located?

A

rostral pons

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34
Q

What are the 3 divisions of CN V?

A

V1: ophthalmic
V2: maxillary
V3: mandibular

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35
Q

How does V1: ophthalmic exit middle cranial fossa?

A

to orbit through superior orbital fissure

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36
Q

How does V2: maxillary exit middle cranial fossa?

A

to deep face through foramen rotundum

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37
Q

How does v3: mandibular exit middle cranial fossa?

A

to deep face through foramen oval

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38
Q

V3 provides innervation to

A

MOTOR mastication (masseter, temporalis, medial/lateral pterygoids

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39
Q

CN V supplies sensation to which areas?

A

face and part of head

40
Q

ID the condition characterized by brief periods of intense nerve pain with unknown etiology.

A

tic douloureux = trigeminal neuralgia

41
Q

tic douloureux = trigeminal neuralgia treatment?

A

can usually be treated pharmacologically or surgically (nerve root cut to remove all sensation to area).

42
Q

Describe the corneal blink reflex

A

touch cornea (V1) with cotton, normal response is eye blink

43
Q

What does orneal blink reflex test?

A

CN V and CN VII

44
Q

Describe the jaw jerk reflex

A

analogous to DTR; tap jaw with reflex hammer

normal response is minimal/absent; reflexive response is contraction to close the jaw

45
Q

If UMN Lesion, how would pt respond to jaw jerk reflex?

A

reflexive response is contraction to close the jaw; loss of inhibition of reflex

46
Q

Loss of sensation in face and head, loss of corneal blink reflex, loss of muscle of mastication with which CN lesion?

A

CN V

usually one division implicated, unless cortical stroke affects all 3

47
Q

Where is the facial n. nucleus located?

A

caudal pons

48
Q

Which CN’s have parasympathetic innervation?

A

III, VII, IX, X

49
Q

Which nerve innervates submandibular, sublingual, and lacrimal glands?

A

CN VII Facial N.

parasympathetic innervation to glands

50
Q

What is Bell’s Palsy?

A

LMN lesion which results in paralysis of muscles of facial expressions (etiology unknown)

51
Q

What is primary sign of Bell’s Palsy?

A

can’t close the eyes- loss of corneal blink reflex

Also, loss of taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue

52
Q

What are the two divisions of CN VIII?

A

vestibular and cochlear

53
Q

Where are vestibular nuclei located?

A

lateral recess of 4th ventricle in caudal pons and rostral medulla

54
Q

Where does the VIII nerve end? (bony landmark)

A

ends in petrous portion of temporal bone where it divides into vestibular and cochlear divisions

55
Q

What is the fxn of vestibular system?

A

regulates posture/equilibrium responses; coordinates eye movement with head movement

56
Q

What are the features of the peripheral vestibular apparatus?

A

posterior, lateral, anterior semicircular canals; utricle, saccule

57
Q

What is the fxn of the peripheral vestibular apparatus?

A

detect movement of the head in space and the force of gravity (can detect movement in any direction because of diverse orientations)

58
Q

What fills the canals and the utricle and saccule?

A

endolymph

59
Q

Describe the basic mechanism of AP generation in peripheral vestibular apparatus.

A

movement sets endolymph in motion, causes hair to “bend”, causes vestibular nerve endings to depolarize

60
Q

What are 4 outcomes due to lesion of vestibular division?

A

loss of equilibrium
nystagmus
vertigo
nausea

61
Q

What is nystagmus?

A

rhythmic beating of the eyes

62
Q

What is one test for lesion of vestibular division?

A

caloric test (water irrigation at various temps to ID nystagmus presence); No nystagmus indicates lesion

63
Q

How do sound waves travel from air to cochlea?

A

waves through air vibrate tympanic membrane, transfer to malleolus, incus, stapes, oval window, cochlea.

64
Q

Describe the cochlea

A

fluid filled structure which contains organ of corti

65
Q

Describe organ of corti and AP generation

A

surrounded by endolymph; responds to vibrations as hair cells in the organ of corti to bend and depolarizes afferent fibers of cochlear division of CN VIII

66
Q

Lesions of cochlear division can cause 2 issues

A

tinnitus

deafness

67
Q

What kind of dearness is decreased hearing due to nerve damage?

A

nerve deafness

68
Q

What kind of deafness is caused by middle ear problems?

A

conduction deafness (sound waves are not conducted through air)

69
Q

Describe Rinne’s test

A

tuning fork held against mastoid until no longer heard (tests NERVE) then placed in front of ear (tests CONDUCTION)

70
Q

What is a normal response to Rinne’s test?

A

air conduction better than bone so pt should still hear the tuning fork when it is placed in front of ear

71
Q

With air conduction deafness, how does Rinne’s test present?

A

can hear sound only through direct vibration of bone to stimulate nerve

72
Q

Describe Weber’s test

A

tuning fork held over vertex of skull

73
Q

What is a normal response to Weber’s test?

A

heard equally in both ears

74
Q

What is abnormal response to Weber’s test?

A

conduction deafness: louder in AFFECTED ear

nerve deafness: louder in UNAFFECTED ear

75
Q

Where is glossopharyngeal nucleus located?

A

rostral medulla

76
Q

Lesion of CN IX presents as loss of (2):

A 
gag reflex (loss of afferent limb of reflex)
taste on posterior 1/3 of tongue
77
Q

Vagus nucleus is located where?

A

in rostral medulla enar dorsal motor nucleus of vagus

78
Q

Vagus exits posterior cranial fossa via

A

jugular foramen

79
Q

Vagus has __ sensory ganglia located just outside of skull, glossopharyngeal has ___. (#s)

A

vagus - 2

glossopharyngeal - 1

80
Q

Which nerve has taste afferents on epiglottis?

A

vagus!

81
Q

Bilateral lesions of vagus nerve are usually ______.

A

fatal vagus has extensive central connections with respiratory and cardiovascular centers

82
Q

Unilateral lesions of vagus nerve result in?

A

pharyngeal muscle weakness resulting in dysarthria (speech) and dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)

83
Q

Which nerve(s) are tested with gag reflex test?

A

CN IX glossopharyngeal and X vagus

84
Q

Loss of gag reflex indicates loss of _______ limb.

A

efferent

85
Q

How can you test vagus?

A

speech, swallowing, uvula sideways movement, gag

86
Q

How do you test accessory n?

A

Traps and SCM; weakness in ipsilateral muscles may indicate lesion

87
Q

Cervical component/spinal portion of accessory nerve consists of which levels?

A

C2-C5/6

88
Q

Cranial root of accessory n. innervation and final branching?

A

innervates some muscles of pharynx and eventually travels with vagus nerve

89
Q

Where is the hypoglossal nucleus located?

A

rostral medulla

90
Q

What innervates skeletal muscles of the tongue?

A

hypoglossal n.

91
Q

Unilateral lesion of hypoglossal n.?

A

inability to protrude tongue in midline, tongue deviates to IPSILATERAL side as lesion

92
Q

Bilateral lesion of hypoglossal n.?

A

dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) and difficulty eating

93
Q

How do you test hypoglossal n.?

A

swallowing eval and tongue motion

94
Q

Occulomotor n. is associated with which area of the brain?

A

Midbrain

95
Q

What part of NS passes through tentorial notch and is vulnerable to compression against edge of notch with increased intracerebral pressures?

A

midbrain

96
Q

Nerves that are pure MOTOR have nuclei that are located where?

A

medially!

Neuro 1 (11 decks)

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