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Neuro 1 > Meninges, Ventricles, CSF > Flashcards

Meninges, Ventricles, CSF Flashcards

1
Q

_______ are a specialization of the sub-arachnoid space that allow for circulation of the CSF.

A

arachnoid villi (arachnoid granulations)

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2
Q

CSF circulates in the ______ space.

A

subarachnoid

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3
Q

Severed middle meningeal artery leads to ___________.

A

epidural hematoma (potential space between scull and dura)

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4
Q

Epidural hematoma is shaped like a _______ and the onset is ________.

A

lens shaped

rapid onset

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5
Q

Arachnoid trabeculae attach to __________.

A

pia mater

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6
Q

Arteries run in the _______ space.

A

subarachnoid space

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7
Q

Bleeding between dura and arachnoid is called?

A

subdural hematoma

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8
Q

Subdural hematoma occurs when ________ tears.

A

cerebral VEINS

lower pressure bleed than arterial

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9
Q

Sickle cell shaped bleed is associated with ______ hematoma.

A

subdural hematoma

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10
Q

Bleed of cerebral arteries causes ________ hemorrhage.

A

subarachnoid

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11
Q

Which type of hemorrhage is most common?

A

subarachnoid

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12
Q

With subarachnoid hemorrhage, the blood fills _______.

A

sulci

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13
Q

Hunt&Hess (neuro exam) and Fisher Scale (CT) are severity indicators for which type of hemorrhage?

A

subarachnoid

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14
Q

The middle of the brain begins to shift under the flax when what occurs?

A

Mid-line shift: a brain accommodation that occurs with slowly developing hemorrhages

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15
Q

HIgh pressure bleeds are associated with

A

rapid onset arterial bleeds (epidural and subarachnoid hematomas)

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16
Q

Infection of the meninges due to virus or bacteria usually affects which layers?

A

pia

arachnoid

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17
Q

Meningitis signs:

A

fever, nuchal rigidity, headache, stupor, coma

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18
Q

Mortality rate for meningitis?

A

10-20%

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19
Q

Highest incidence for meningitis?

A

<15 YOA (related to immune system)

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20
Q

What can meningitis cause?

A

venothrombosis

hydrocephalus

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21
Q

What are the 5 parts of the lateral ventricle?

A

Frontal horn, body, posterior/occipital horn, inferior/temporal horn

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22
Q

What lobes does the lateral ventricle run through? What shape is it?

A

all the lobes! C-shaped

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23
Q

Where the body, posterior/occipital, and inferior/temporal horns meet is called the

A

trigone or atrium

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24
Q

Which ventricle is in the midline of the diencephalon?

A

third ventricle

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25
Q

Opening of the 3rd ventricle that connects with lateral ventricles is called?

A

interventricular foramen of monroe

26
Q

Describe the circulation of CFS starting from the lateral ventricle

A 
lateral ventricle
interventricular foramen
3rd ventricle
cerebral aqueduct
4th ventricle
lateral/median apertures
subarachnoid space
arachnoid villi
superior sagittal sinus
27
Q

The “roof” of the 4th ventricle is made of?

A

superior medullary velum and inferior medullary velum (roof is peaked)

28
Q

The “floor” of the 4th ventricle is _______ shaped, called the _______.

A

diamond-shaped

rhomboid fossa

29
Q

The median aperture is a funnel-shaped hole in the inferior medullary velum that communicates with the

A

subarachnoid space

30
Q

There are 2 lateral apertures that are also known as? Located where?

A

foramina of Luschka

at the ends of each lateral recess

31
Q

4th ventricle ends in ______ which continues into the SC.

A

central canal

32
Q

The 4th ventricle is between which structures?

A

cerebellum and pons/medulla

33
Q

What cells absorb plasma then transform it to CSF and secrete it?

A

choroid cells

34
Q

What qualities of the choroid plexus make it effective?

A

highly convoluted (increased SA)
fenestrated (leaky) capillaries
choroid epithelium lines the ventricles

35
Q

Where is the choroid plexus located?

A

parts of lateral ventricles
roof of the 3rd ventricle
lower 4th ventricle to median aperture

36
Q

Compare and contract plasma and CSF

A

colorless liquid, low in cells and PRO
CSF has > Mg and Cl than plasma
CSF has < K and Ca than plasma

37
Q

Total volume of CSF turns over how many times/day? How much produced?

A

4 times per day

600-700mL per day

38
Q

What is the primary fxn of CSF?

A

support and cushion the brain

39
Q

Total volume of CSF in adult?

Volume of ventricles?

A

140mL

25mL

40
Q

What are the 3 possible mechanisms for hydrocephalus?

A
  1. increased production
  2. blocked circulation (most common area is cerebral aqueduct)
  3. deficiency of resorption
41
Q

Rare tumors of the choroid plexus are called _______. What do they cause?

A

papillomas

cause increased production of CSF

42
Q

Tumors, congenital failure of lateral/median apertures to open, adhesions of meninges, and trauma can all cause

A

blockages of CSF circulation

43
Q

Deficiencies of resorptions are caused by

A

?congenital absence of arachnoid villi or increased pressure in superior sagittal sinus

44
Q

What structure acts as a barrier between CSF and venous blood?

A

arachnoid villi

45
Q

non-communicating hydrocephalus is due to

A

blockage in the ventricles (CSF cannot get to the subarachnoid space)

46
Q

communicating hydrocephalus is due to

A

CSF reaching subarachnoid space and getting blocked outside of the ventricles

47
Q

Shunts are places to

A

decrease pressure

48
Q

quasi-permanent shunts empty into

A

internal jugular vein or peritoneal cavity

for chronic conditions

49
Q

temporary shunts empty into

A

external ventricular drain (bag)

for trauma/brain bleeds

50
Q

What is the primary fxn of meninges?

A

stabilize and protect the brain and SC

  • literally suspends brain from scull
  • cushions brain with CSF
51
Q

Most superficial layer of dura mater is called the

A

periosteal layer

52
Q

Deeper layer of the dura mater is called the

A

meningeal layer

53
Q

What dural reflection occupies the longitudinal fissure and separates the 2 hemispheres?

A

falx cerebri

54
Q

What dural reflection separates the cerebellum from occipital bones?

A

tentorium cerebelli

supratentorial and infratentorial compartments

55
Q

falx cerebri attaches anteriorly to ______ and posteriorly to ________.

A

ant: crista galli
post: tentorium cerebelli

56
Q

Tentorial notch: the space int he tentortium through which the _____ passes.

A

brainstem

57
Q

Tentorium cerebelli attaches post to_______ and contineus to the _________ of the temporal bone.

A

post: occipital bone

cont. to the petrous portion of temporal bone

58
Q

Brain tissue under pressure may herniate under/around which tissues?

A

falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli (firm edges!)

59
Q

The separation of the 2 layers of dura form specific sinuses that act as _________.

A

venous channels: contain venous blood, no valves, cerebral veins empty into them

60
Q

Which sinus has CN III, IV, VI, V and internal carotid artery running through it?

A

cavernous sinus

61
Q

Which sinus empties into internal jugular vein?

A

sigmoid sinus

62
Q

What are the meningeal layers from superficial to deep?

A
  1. epidural space
  2. periosteal dura
  3. meningeal dura
  4. subdural space
  5. arachnoid
  6. subarachnoid space
  7. pia

Neuro 1 (11 decks)

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