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Neuro 1 > Cranial Nerves (2) > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves (2) Flashcards

1
Q

What is Cranial Nerve I?

A

Olfactory Nerve

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2
Q

How long are CN I nerve fibers?

A

Only a few millimeters long

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3
Q

Where does CN I run from?

A

From uppermost recess in nasal cavity through cribiform plate

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4
Q

What does CN I synapse with?

A

The olfactory bulb

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5
Q

What does CN I connect with? What implications does this have?

A

Connects extensively with the limbic system. Can evoke memory and emotions

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6
Q

What process can CN I cells undergo?

A

CN I cells can undergo mitosis

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7
Q

When do you see lesions of CN I?

A

Facial fractures

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8
Q

What happens with a lesion of CN I?

A

Complete or partial loss of smell

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9
Q

How do you test CN I?

A

Test familiar odors

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10
Q

What is CN II?

A

Optic nerve

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11
Q

Where does CN II originate?

A

In the retina

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12
Q

What is CN II myelinated by?

A

Oligodendrocytes (part of CNS)

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13
Q

Where does CN II enter the skull?

A

Enters middle cranial fossa via optic canal

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14
Q

What happens to fibers from each optic nerve?

A

Fibers from each optic nerve cross at optic chasm

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15
Q

What happens with a lesion of CN II?

A

Blindness or visual field loss

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16
Q

How do you test CN II?

A

Test the visual fields

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17
Q

What is CN III?

A

Oculomotor

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18
Q

WHere is the nucleus for the occulomotor nerve?

A

CN III has a nucleus in the rostral midbrain

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19
Q

Where does CN III exit the midbrain?

A

CN III exits the brain at the interpeduncular fossa

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20
Q

Where does CN III exit the brain?

A

superior orbital fissure

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21
Q

What nerves exit the superior orbital fissure?

A

CN’s III, IV, V1. VI

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22
Q

What muscles does CN III enervate?

A 
Inferior oblique
Superior Rectus
inferior rectus
Medial rectus
Levator palpebrae
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23
Q

What action does the levitator palpebrae do?

A

Opens the eyelid

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24
Q

What type of innervation does CN III provide to ciliary ganglion and what does this accomplish?

A

Provides preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the cillary ganglion which innervate sphincter of the iris enabling the pupillary light reflex

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25
Q

What 7 things could happen with a lesion of CN III?

A
  1. Eyelid ptosis at rest
  2. External strabismus at rest (unopposed lateral rectus)
  3. Inability to move affected eye vertically or medially
  4. Dilation of pupil
  5. Loss of pupillary light reflex
  6. Loss of vergence
    7 diplopia
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26
Q

Which eye muscles are not innervated by CN III?

A

Superior oblique

lateral rectus

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27
Q

How do you test CN III?

A

Eye movements
Pupillary light reflex
Vergence

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28
Q

What is CN IV?

A

Trochlear

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29
Q

Where is the CN IV nucleus located?

A

In the caudal midbrain

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30
Q

Where does CN IV exit the midbrain?

A

dorsally below the inferior colliculus

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31
Q

Where does CN IV exit the skull?

A

Through the superior orbital fissure

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32
Q

What muscles does CN IV innervate?

A

The occulomotor nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle

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33
Q

WHat happens with a lesion to CN IV?

A

A lesion to the trochlear nerve may result in:
inability to move eye inferior when adducted
May cause diplopia
Hypertropia

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34
Q

What is hypertropia?

A

affected eye vertically deviates upward and in extorsion

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35
Q

How do you test CN IV?

A

Eye movements

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36
Q

What is CN V?

A

Trigeminal nerve

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37
Q

What are the different parts of the trigeminal nerve?

A

CN V has

V1,V2, and V3

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38
Q

What is V1?

A

opthalamic portion of CN V

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39
Q

What is V2?

A

maxillary portion of CN V

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40
Q

What is V3?

A

Mandibular portion of CN V

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41
Q

Where is the motor and primary sensory nucleus of CN V located?

A

Located in the rostral pons

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42
Q

WHere does CN V exit the brainstem?

A

Exits at midpons

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43
Q

What is the large sensory ganglion associated with CN V? Where is this ganglion located?

A

Trigeminal or semilunar ganglion, which is located in a depression in middle cranial fossa

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44
Q

Where does V1 exit the skull?

A

Exits middle cranial fossa through the superior orbital fissure

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45
Q

Where does V2 exit the skull?

A

exits the middle cranial fossa via the foramen rotundum

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46
Q

Where does V2 exit the skull?

A

exits the middle cranial fossa through the foramen ovale

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47
Q

What does CN V supply sensation to?

A

The face and part of the head

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48
Q

What motor innervation does CN V supply?

A

Supplies motor innervation to the muscles of mastication (masseter, temporal is, medial/lateral pterygoids)

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49
Q

What is Tic Douloureux?

A

Trigeminal neuralgia.
Characterized by brief periods of intense pain experienced over one of the divisions of CN V. Can be treated pharmacologically but also may surgically cut the nerve removing all sensation

50
Q

What is the corneal blink reflex?

A

WHen you touch the cornea with a small piece of cotton. NOrmal response is a blink

51
Q

What nerves does the corneal blink reflex test?

A

Test CN V and CN VII

52
Q

What is the jaw jerk reflex analogous to?

A

Analogous to the deep tendon reflex

53
Q

What is a positive response to the jaw jerk reaction?

A

reflexive contraction of jaw when hit with reflex hammer.

Normally absent; sign of upper motor neuron lesion if present

54
Q

What does a lesion of CN V result in?

A

Loss of sensation in face and head
Loss of corneal blink reflex
Loss of muscles of mastication

55
Q

How do you test CN V?

A

sensation of face
Corneal blink reflex
muscle strength of muscles of mastication

56
Q

What is CN VI?

A

Abducens

57
Q

Where is the CN VI nucleus located?

A

In caudal pons

58
Q

Where does CN VI exit the brainstem?

A

Medially at the pontomedullary junction

59
Q

Where does CN VI exit the skull?

A

Through the superior orbital fissure

60
Q

What muscle does CN VI innervate?

A

The abducens innervates the lateral rectus muscle.

61
Q

What is the result of a lesion of CN VI?

A

Medial strabismus (esotropia)
Inability to abdyct the eye
Diplopia

62
Q

How do you test CN VI?

A

eye movements

63
Q

What is CN VII?

A

Facial Nerve

64
Q

Where is the nucleus for CN VII?

A

In the caudal pons

65
Q

Where does CN VII exit the brainstem?

A

Pontomedullary jxn

66
Q

Where does CN VII exit the posterior cranial vault?

A

Internal acoustic meatus

67
Q

What part of the temporal bone does CN VII go through?

A

THe petrous portion

68
Q

Where is the sensory portion of CN VII located?

A

Geniculate is embedded in the temporal bone

69
Q

Where does the CN VII exit the skull?

A

Stylomastoid foramen

70
Q

What does CN VII innervate?

A

Facial muscles

71
Q

What part of the tounge does CN VII innervate?

A

THe anterior 2/3 of the tounge

72
Q

What glands does CN VII innervate?

A

submandibular, sublingual gland and lacrimal gland

73
Q

What happens with a lesion of CN VII?

A

Bells palsy (paralysis of the muscles of facial expression
loss of corneal blink reflex (with CN V)
Loss of taste on anterior 2/3 of tongue

74
Q

What is CN VIII?

A

Vestibularcohclear

75
Q

What are the two divisions of CN VIII?

A

Vestibular and cochlear divisions

76
Q

What is the function of the vestibular division of CN VIII?

A

Regulates posture, equilibrium responses

Coordinates eye movement

77
Q

What happens with a lesion of the VEstibular division?

A

Loss of equilibrium
Nystagmus
Vertigo
Nausea

78
Q

How do you test the vestibular division of CN VIII?

A

Caloric test

“COWS”

79
Q

What happens with a lesion of the cochlear division of CN VIII?

A

Tinnitus

Deafness

80
Q

What is the difference between nerve deafness and conduction deafness?

A

Nerve deafness is decreased hearing due to nerve damage while conduction deafness is decreased hearing due to middle ear problems

81
Q

What is Rinne’s Test?

A

Tuning fork held against mastoid until it can’t be heard. THen tuning fork is placed in from of ear

82
Q

What is a normal response to Rinne’s test?

A

Normal-Air conduction is better than bone so pt can hear fork when its placed in front of ear

83
Q

What is an abnormal response to Rinne’s test?

A

Fork can only be heard through mastoid process. Sign of conduction deafness

84
Q

What is Webers test?

A

Tuning fork is held on vertex of sull

85
Q

What is a normal response to Webers test?

A

Can hear tuning fork equally well in both ears

86
Q

What happens if you have conduction deafness during the Weber test?

A

You will hear the ringing louder in the affected ear

87
Q

What happens if you have nerve deafness in one ear with the Weber test?

A

You will hear the tuning fork louder in the unaffected ear

88
Q

What is CN IX?

A

Glossopharyngeal

89
Q

Where is the nucleus of CN IX located?

A

Rostral medulla

90
Q

Where does CN IX exit the brainstem?

A

Postolivary sulcus

91
Q

Where does CN IX exit the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Through the jugular foramen

92
Q

Where are the sensory ganglion of CN IX located?

A

outside of the skull

93
Q

What sensory innervation does CN IX provide?

A

Sensory innervation of pharynx and posterior 1/3 of tounge

94
Q

What parasympathetic innervation does CN IX give off?

A

parasympathetic innervation of parotid gland

95
Q

What muscles does CN IX innervate?

A

stylopharyngeus muscle

96
Q

What happens with a lesion of CN IX?

A

Loss of gag reflex

loss of taste on posterior 1/3 of tongue

97
Q

How do you test CN IX?

A

Test taste on posterior 1/3 of tongue

Test gag reflex

98
Q

What is CN X?

A

Vagus nerve

99
Q

Where is the nucleus of CN X?

A

In the rostral medulla

100
Q

Where does CN X exit the brainstem?

A

Exits at post olivary sulcus

101
Q

Where does CN X exit the posterior cranial vault?

A

Exits at jugular foramen

102
Q

What sensory innervation does CNX give off?

A

Sensory innervation to the pharynx, larynx and viscera

103
Q

What parasympathetic innervation does CN X give off?

A

Parasympathetic innervation to abdominal viscera

104
Q

What motor innervation does CN X give off?

A

motor innervation to pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles

105
Q

What happens with a bilateral lesion of CN X?

A

Usually fatal

106
Q

What happens with unilateral lesion of CN X?

A

dysarthria and difficulty in swallowing

loss of gag reflex

107
Q

Which CN’s are tested when you check the gag reflex?

A

CN IX and X

108
Q

What are the two divisions of CN XI?

A

Spinal and Cranial root

109
Q

What spinal cord segments do the spinal portion of CN IX arise from?

A

C2-C5/6

110
Q

Where does the spinal portion of CN XI enter the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Enters through the foramen magnum

111
Q

Where does the spinal portion of CN XI separate from the cranial portion of CN XI?

A

Separates before leaving the jugular foramen

112
Q

What does the spinal portion of CN XI innervate?

A

Motor innervation of SCM and Trapezius

113
Q

Where does the cranial root of CN XI originate?

A

Near the dorsal motor nucleus of vagus

114
Q

What happens with a lesion of CN XI?

A

Weakness in ipsilateral SCM and trapezius

115
Q

How do you test CN XI?

A

Muscle test SCM and trapezius

116
Q

What is CNX!!?

A

Hypoglossal

117
Q

Where is the nucleus of CN XII?

A

in the rostral medulla

118
Q

What does CN XII innervate?

A

The nerves of the tongue

119
Q

Where does CN XII exit brainstem?

A

In preolivary sulcus

120
Q

What happens with a lesion of CN XII?

A
  1. Inability to prodrude tongue in midline (unilateral)

2. With bilateral lesion, difficulty swallowing and eating

121
Q

How do you test CN XII?

A

Test tongue movements and swallowing eval

Neuro 1 (11 decks)

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