Overview of some hormones

Question 1

• *Overview of anabolic and catabolic hormones**
• name anabolic and catabolic hormones

Answer 1

Question 2

• *Insulin**
• Type of hormone
• Role of this hormone
• Receptor it acts on
• Synthesis

Answer 2

Question 3

• *Glucagon**
• Type of hormone
• Role of this hormone
• Receptor it acts on
• Synthesis

Answer 3

Question 4

• *Growth hormone**
• Type of hormone
• Role of this hormone
• Receptor it acts on
• Synthesis

Answer 4

Question 5

• *IGF**
• Type of hormone
• Role of this hormone
• Receptor it acts on
• Synthesis

Answer 5

Question 6

• *Corticosteriods (adrenal gland)**
• Names of them
• Sythesised from…
• Synthesis

Answer 6

Question 7

• *Aldosterone**
• Type of hormone
• Role
• Transport

Answer 7

Question 8

• *Cortisol**
• Type of hormone
• Role
• Transport

Answer 8

Question 9

• *Noradrenaline and Adrenaline**
• How it is made
• Receptors
• Role

Answer 9

Question 10

• *Thyroid hormone (T3 and T4)**
• Synthesis
• Role

Answer 10

Question 11

• *Thyroid hormone (T3 and T4)**
• Receptors
• Tissue specific response

Answer 11

Question 12

• *TSH**
• Type of hormone
• Structure
• Role

Answer 12

Question 13

• *PTH**
• Role
• Produced by…
• Type of hormone
• Synthesis
• Storage?

Answer 13

Question 14

• *Calcitriol**
• Role
• Source

Answer 14

Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol/1,25(OH)2D) has the same function as PTH, but acts over a longer period of time, (i.e. kick in when serum calcium levels are low for longer periods of time) instead of during acute calcium loss.
[Calcitriol is an active form of vitamin D]
- Cholesterol and sunlight interact = vitamin D3 (this is a pre-vitamin – also called, cholecalciferol)
- Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) then goes to the liver and undergoes hydroxylation reactions into 25(OH)D (this is the pre-hormone substrate)
- PTH activates hydroxylation of 25(OH)D into 1,25(OH)2D (calcitriol) in the kidney

Where does vitamin D3 come from?
Food sources with vitamin D3: Cheese, butter, margarine, fortified milk, fish, fortified cereals
Body can make vitamin D3 when it is exposed to the sun

Question 15

• *Calcitonin**
• Produced by (types of cells)
• Role

Answer 15

• *Produced by:** Calcitonin is found in the parafollicular cells (also called C cells) of the thyroid gland
• *Role:** Acts to oppose to PTH in order to lower calcium levels when serum calcium levels are increased. There is also some suggestion that, during pregnancy, calcitonin may help preserve the maternal skeleton.