overview of pharmacology Flashcards
1
Q
b-lactams
A
- inhibit cell wall polymer crosslinking
- inhibit transpeptidase
- bactericidal
2
Q
cyclic lipopeptides
A
- daptomycin
- inserts in gram + bacteria
- causes rapid cell depolarization and cell death
- active against VRE and MRSA
- can’t treat pneumonia
- resistance has been reported
3
Q
rifamycins
A
- block production of mRNA leading to RNA polymerase inhibition and protein synthesis inhibition
- important in treating tb
- inducer of CYP 540 so check for interactions
4
Q
Aminoglycosides
A
- inhibits protein biosynthesis (30S) subunits
- narrow therapeutic range
- can cause nephron and ototoxicity
- good activity against gram -(-) resistant pathogens such as Psuedomonas and Acinetobacter
- very good synergy w beta lactams and glycopeptides
5
Q
quinolones/fluroquinolones
A
- type 2 topoisomerase
- produce double stranded breaks in DNA
- bactericidal
6
Q
oxazolidinones
A
- bind 50S subunit and prevent translation by blocking formation of 70S initiation complex
- diff binding site from other protein synthesis inhibitors
- MRSA and VRE gram + infections
- linezolid/tedizolid have 90% oral bioavailability
- don’t need adjustment if organs damaged
7
Q
tetracyclines and glycyclines
A
- bind at 30S ribosomal subunit and prevent docking of transfer RNA carrying new aa blocking elongation
- use is minimal
- used in uncomplicated respiratory diseases and alternative for soft tissue or skin infections
8
Q
macrolides
A
- broad coverage for respiratory agents but lots of resistance developed
- potent inhibitors of P450 so screening is required
- bacteriostatic
- binds to 50S preventing elongation of protein chain
9
Q
Nitromidazoles
A
- target anaerobic bacteria and protozoa
- forms free radicals that damage DNA
- could potentially inhibit warfarin therapy
- treatment fails if spores present
- resistance is rare
- collateral damage possible due to microflora of GI tract and can promote VRE infection
