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Environmental Health 3 > Overview of Occupational Health and Safety > Flashcards

Overview of Occupational Health and Safety Flashcards

0
Q

The probability of realizing harm due to an exposure to a hazard

A

Risk

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1
Q

Examples of physical hazards

A 
Noise
Vibration
Radiation
Lighting
Heat 
Cold
Barometric pressure
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2
Q

Examples of ergonomic hazards

A

Manual handling
Repetitive movement
Restrictive working conditions
Prolonged exertion

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3
Q

What is work accident?

A

It is an unplanned, unexpected occurrence that may or may not result in personal injury, property damage, work stoppage or interference, or any combination of these conditions which arises out of and in the course of employment.

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5
Q

With hazard, no exposure =

A

No health risk

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6
Q

PPE has the least ____ and _____

A

Required participation

Supervision

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7
Q

T or F. Risk only occurs if hazard and exposure are present.

A

T

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8
Q

Aims of occupational health

A

1 Prevention among workers of adverse effects on health caused by their working conditions
2 Protection of workers in their employment from risks resulting from factors adverse to health
3 Placing and maintenance of workers in an occupational environment adapted to physical and mental needs
4 Adaptation of work to humans

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9
Q

Classification under ergonomic hazards

A

Psychosocial

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10
Q

What is occupational health?

A

It is the promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental, and social well-being of workers in all occupations by

  1. preventing departures from health
  2. controlling risks, and
  3. adapting work to people and people to their jobs.
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10
Q

Classification of occupational hazards

A 
Physical
Biological
Chemical
Ergonomic
Psychosocial
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12
Q

It is a potential element (object, condition) that can cause harm in the workplace.

A

Occupational hazard

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13
Q

Examples of psychosocial hazards

A 
Job stress
Job monotony
Unsociable hours
Job organization
Violence/Harrassment
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14
Q

Anything that can have an adverse impact

A

Safety hazard

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15
Q

Defined as contact with a hazard

A

Exposure

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16
Q

Focus of unsafe act

A

Worker

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17
Q

What is the relationship of work and health?

A

Two-way

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18
Q

Examples of biological hazards

A

Bacteria
Fungi
Insects
Viruses

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19
Q

Focus of unsafe condition

A

Environment

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20
Q

Examples of chemical hazards

A 
Fumes
Gases
Aerosols
Mists
Liquids
Dusts
Pesticides
21
Q

Four components in a control measure table

A

Hazard
Engineering
Administrative
PPE

22
Q

It is vital for the development and implementation of effective programs and policies.

A

Information

23
Q

No hazard, no exposure =

A

No health risk

24
Q

It is the prevention or control of accidents in the workplace.

A

Occupational safety

25
Q

What is the aim of OHS programs and policies?

A

Prevention and protection

26
Q

Moral reasons for occupational health and safety

A

1 Duty of reasonable care
2 Unacceptability of putting health and safety of people at risk
3 Society’s attitude toward moral obligations
4 Making the moral cases to senior management

26
Q

Economic reasons for occupational health and safety

A

Direct costs

Indirect costs

28
Q

Legal reasons for occupational health and safety

A 
1 Preventive (enforcement)
2 Punitive (through criminal sanctions)
3 Compensatory effects of law
29
Q

Examples of substitution controls

A

Processes
Methods
Materials

30
Q

What are the core OHS principles?

A

1 All workers have rights
2 OHS policies must be established
3 There is a need for consultation with social partners and other stakeholders
4 Prevention and protection must be the aim of OHS programs and policies
5 Information is vital for the development and implementation of effective programs and policies
6 Health promotion is a central element of OH practices
7 OHS services covering all workers should be established
8 Compensation, rehabilitation, and curative services must be available
9 Education and training are vital components of safe, healthy work environments
10 All have OHS responsibilities, duties, and obligations
11 Policies must be enforced

33
Q

It is the central element of OH practices.

A

Health promotion

34
Q

Examples of indirect costs

A

1 The injured/ill worker has to be replaced
2 It takes time before the new worker is producing at the rate of the original worker
3 Time must be devoted to the writing of reports and filling out of forms
4 Accidents often arouse the concern of fellow workers and influence labor relations in a negative way
5 Can also result in poor public relations

34
Q

Process of protecting workers’ health

A 
1 Hazard identification
2 Risk assessment
3 Management intervention
4 Control procedures
5 Monitoring and evaluation of programs
35
Q

Hierarchy of control

A

Apply the highest level of control commensurate with the risk level – lower value controls may be used in the interim until long-term controls are implemented

36
Q

Examples of PPE

A

Respirators
Clothes
Gloves
Ear plugs/muffs

37
Q

Administrative controls of biologic hazards

A

Education on universal precautions
Provision of vaccination
Annual OE

38
Q

Controls

A 
Elimination
Substitution
Engineering
Administrative
Behavior
PPE
39
Q

Elimination has the highest ____ and _____

A

Effectiveness

Sustainability

40
Q

Engineering control of prolonged and awkward position/sitting

A

Ergonomic chair

41
Q

Examples of administrative controls

A 
Work-scheduling
Rotation
Increase of hour breaks
Education
Medical check-ups
42
Q

Control under administrative

A

Behavior

43
Q

Administrative controls of prolonged and awkward position/sitting

A

Education on proper posture
Job rotation
Long breaks

44
Q

Administrative controls of hazards (OR Nurses)

A

Education
Health surveillance/monitoring
Job rotation

45
Q

Most important goal of occupational health services

A

Adaptation of work to the capabilities of workers

46
Q

Examples of engineering controls

A

Ventilation

Enclosure

46
Q

Goal of occupational health services

A

Optimal physical and mental health in relation to work

48
Q

Examples of direct costs

A

1 Payment for work not performed
2 Medical and compensation payments
3 Repair or replacement of damaged machinery and equipment
4 Reduction or a temporary halt in production
5 Increased training expenses and administration costs
6 Possible reduction in the quality of work
7 Negative effect in morale in other workers

48
Q

Functions of OH services

A

1 Identification and assessment of the risks from health hazards in the workplace
2 Surveillance of the factors in the working environment and working practices
3 Advice on planning and organization of work
4 Participation in the development of programs
5 Advice on OSH and hygiene, and on ergonomics and individual and protective equipment
6 Surveillance of worker’s health in relation to work (medical)
7 Promotion of adaptation of work to the workers
8 Organization of first aid and emergency treatment
9 Participation in analysis of occupational accidents

48
Q

Engineering control of biologic hazards

A

Syringes with safety stops

Environmental Health 3 (6 decks)

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