Overview of Occupational Health and Safety Flashcards
The probability of realizing harm due to an exposure to a hazard
Risk
Examples of physical hazards
Noise Vibration Radiation Lighting Heat Cold Barometric pressure
Examples of ergonomic hazards
Manual handling
Repetitive movement
Restrictive working conditions
Prolonged exertion
What is work accident?
It is an unplanned, unexpected occurrence that may or may not result in personal injury, property damage, work stoppage or interference, or any combination of these conditions which arises out of and in the course of employment.
With hazard, no exposure =
No health risk
PPE has the least ____ and _____
Required participation
Supervision
T or F. Risk only occurs if hazard and exposure are present.
T
Aims of occupational health
1 Prevention among workers of adverse effects on health caused by their working conditions
2 Protection of workers in their employment from risks resulting from factors adverse to health
3 Placing and maintenance of workers in an occupational environment adapted to physical and mental needs
4 Adaptation of work to humans
Classification under ergonomic hazards
Psychosocial
What is occupational health?
It is the promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental, and social well-being of workers in all occupations by
- preventing departures from health
- controlling risks, and
- adapting work to people and people to their jobs.
Classification of occupational hazards
Physical Biological Chemical Ergonomic Psychosocial
It is a potential element (object, condition) that can cause harm in the workplace.
Occupational hazard
Examples of psychosocial hazards
Job stress Job monotony Unsociable hours Job organization Violence/Harrassment
Anything that can have an adverse impact
Safety hazard
Defined as contact with a hazard
Exposure
Focus of unsafe act
Worker
What is the relationship of work and health?
Two-way
Examples of biological hazards
Bacteria
Fungi
Insects
Viruses
Focus of unsafe condition
Environment
Examples of chemical hazards
Fumes Gases Aerosols Mists Liquids Dusts Pesticides
Four components in a control measure table
Hazard
Engineering
Administrative
PPE
It is vital for the development and implementation of effective programs and policies.
Information
No hazard, no exposure =
No health risk
It is the prevention or control of accidents in the workplace.
Occupational safety
What is the aim of OHS programs and policies?
Prevention and protection
Moral reasons for occupational health and safety
1 Duty of reasonable care
2 Unacceptability of putting health and safety of people at risk
3 Society’s attitude toward moral obligations
4 Making the moral cases to senior management
Economic reasons for occupational health and safety
Direct costs
Indirect costs
Legal reasons for occupational health and safety
1 Preventive (enforcement) 2 Punitive (through criminal sanctions) 3 Compensatory effects of law
Examples of substitution controls
Processes
Methods
Materials
What are the core OHS principles?
1 All workers have rights
2 OHS policies must be established
3 There is a need for consultation with social partners and other stakeholders
4 Prevention and protection must be the aim of OHS programs and policies
5 Information is vital for the development and implementation of effective programs and policies
6 Health promotion is a central element of OH practices
7 OHS services covering all workers should be established
8 Compensation, rehabilitation, and curative services must be available
9 Education and training are vital components of safe, healthy work environments
10 All have OHS responsibilities, duties, and obligations
11 Policies must be enforced
It is the central element of OH practices.
Health promotion
Examples of indirect costs
1 The injured/ill worker has to be replaced
2 It takes time before the new worker is producing at the rate of the original worker
3 Time must be devoted to the writing of reports and filling out of forms
4 Accidents often arouse the concern of fellow workers and influence labor relations in a negative way
5 Can also result in poor public relations
Process of protecting workers’ health
1 Hazard identification 2 Risk assessment 3 Management intervention 4 Control procedures 5 Monitoring and evaluation of programs
Hierarchy of control
Apply the highest level of control commensurate with the risk level – lower value controls may be used in the interim until long-term controls are implemented
Examples of PPE
Respirators
Clothes
Gloves
Ear plugs/muffs
Administrative controls of biologic hazards
Education on universal precautions
Provision of vaccination
Annual OE
Controls
Elimination Substitution Engineering Administrative Behavior PPE
Elimination has the highest ____ and _____
Effectiveness
Sustainability
Engineering control of prolonged and awkward position/sitting
Ergonomic chair
Examples of administrative controls
Work-scheduling Rotation Increase of hour breaks Education Medical check-ups
Control under administrative
Behavior
Administrative controls of prolonged and awkward position/sitting
Education on proper posture
Job rotation
Long breaks
Administrative controls of hazards (OR Nurses)
Education
Health surveillance/monitoring
Job rotation
Most important goal of occupational health services
Adaptation of work to the capabilities of workers
Examples of engineering controls
Ventilation
Enclosure
Goal of occupational health services
Optimal physical and mental health in relation to work
Examples of direct costs
1 Payment for work not performed
2 Medical and compensation payments
3 Repair or replacement of damaged machinery and equipment
4 Reduction or a temporary halt in production
5 Increased training expenses and administration costs
6 Possible reduction in the quality of work
7 Negative effect in morale in other workers
Functions of OH services
1 Identification and assessment of the risks from health hazards in the workplace
2 Surveillance of the factors in the working environment and working practices
3 Advice on planning and organization of work
4 Participation in the development of programs
5 Advice on OSH and hygiene, and on ergonomics and individual and protective equipment
6 Surveillance of worker’s health in relation to work (medical)
7 Promotion of adaptation of work to the workers
8 Organization of first aid and emergency treatment
9 Participation in analysis of occupational accidents
Engineering control of biologic hazards
Syringes with safety stops
