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Environmental Health 3 > Energy and Health > Flashcards

Energy and Health Flashcards

0
Q

Energy cycle

A 
1 Material acquisition and construction
2 Emissions from material acquisition
3 Operation and maintenance
4 Energy back-up system
5 Energy storage system
6 Transportation and transmission
7 Waste management
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1
Q

Needs for energy

A

1 Basic human needs (heating, lighting, cooking)
2 Agriculture (irrigation, equipment)
3 Urbanization (basic services, public utilities)
4 Transportation
5 Industrial production

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2
Q

Major source of energy in the Philippines

A

Coal power plant

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3
Q

Major source of energy in Japan, US, Europe

A

Nuclear power plant

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4
Q

Has deleterious health effects

A

Emissions from material acquisition

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5
Q

Energy storage system

A

Step-up transformer

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6
Q

Uses highly toxic PCB

A

Step-up transformer

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7
Q

High voltage lines that transport energy

A

Transmission lines

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8
Q

Radiation to which people living near transmission lines are exposed

A

Electromagnetic radiation

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9
Q

Waste produced by energy plants

A

Ash from coal

Heavy metal

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10
Q

World electricity generation

A 
1 Coal (39%)
2 Hydro (19%)
3 Nuclear power (16%)
4 Gas (15%)
5 Oil (10%)
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11
Q

Cheapest source of energy

A

Solar energy

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12
Q

Renewable sources of energy

A

1 Solar energy
2 Wind energy
3 Hydropower

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13
Q

Sources of energy

A 
1 Solar energy
2 Wind energy
3 Hydropower
4 Moving water
5 Biomass
6 Geothermal energy
7 Fossil fuel
8 Nuclear energy
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14
Q

One of the strongest and fastest currents

A

San Bernardino Strait

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15
Q

Hydropower process

A

1 Water from reservoir flows due to gravity to drive the turbine
2 Turbine is connected to the generator
3 Power generated is transmitted over power lines

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16
Q

Requires impoundment facility

A

Hydropower

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17
Q

Impoundment facility

A 
1 Transmission lines
2 Dam
3 Penstock
4 Generators
5 Turbines
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18
Q

Stores water

A

Dam

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19
Q

Conduct electricity

A

Transmission lines

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20
Q

Penstock

A

Carries water to the turbines

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21
Q

Generators

A

Rotated by turbines to generate electricity

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22
Q

Turbines

A

Turned by the force of the water on their blades

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23
Q

Location of the largest hydropower plant

A

China

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24
Q

Highest use of hydropower

A

Canada

Tajikistan

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25
Q

Advantages of hydropower plants

A

1 No operational greenhouse gas emissions
2 No sulfur dioxide and nitrogen gas emissions
3 Non-environmental benefits

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26
Q

Non-environmental benefits of hydropower plants

A 
1 Flood control
2 Irrigation
3 Transportation
4 Fisheries
5 Tourism
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27
Q

Disadvantages of hydropower plants

A

1 Loss of land under reservoir
2 Interference with the transport of sediment by the dam
3 Problems associated with the reservoir

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28
Q

Problems associated with the reservoir

A

1 Climatic and seismic effects

2 Impact on aquatic ecosystem, flora and fauna

29
Q

Sizes of hydropower plants

A 
1 Large (>30 mw)
2 Small (100kw-30 mw
3 Micro (up to 100 kw)
30
Q

Environmental problems of hydropower plants

A

1 Disruption of terrestrial ecosystem
2 Suspected to cause small earthquakes in areas prone to earth movements
3 Displacement of indigenous people
4 Failure of dams may cause catastrophic flooding

31
Q

Indirect impacts of hydropower plants

A

1 May spread schistosomiasis in endemic areas
2 May introduce or increase prevalence of malaria particularly in upstream areas
3 Downstream areas are deprived of water and soil nutrients

32
Q

T or F. Waves’ currents produce large amounts of energy

A

T

33
Q

Most common source of fuel

A

Biomass

34
Q

Examples of biomass sources

A

1 Wood
2 Logging waste
3 Animal dung
4 Charcoal

35
Q

Produce respirable particles, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, organic compounds

A

Incomplete combustion

36
Q

Does not produce a net increase in carbon dioxide emissions

A

Biofuels

37
Q

Relationship of GMP/Capita and biomass dependence

A

Inverse

38
Q

May be used to create biofuels

A

Jatropha

39
Q

Examples of biofuels

A

Ethanol

Biodiesel

40
Q

Health effects of biomass fuel

A 
1 Smoke inhalation due to poor ventilation
2 Decreased lung function
3 Acute respiratory infections
4 Risk factor for still birth
5 Chronic bronchitis
6 Lung cancer
7 Risk of accidents and fire
41
Q

Indoor pollution from wood-fired stove

A

1 Carbon monoxide

2 Formaldehyde and benzene

42
Q

Most hazardous by-product of incomplete combustion

A

Carbon monoxide

43
Q

Group 1 carcinogen

A

Formaldehyde and benzene

44
Q

Indirect effects of biofuels

A

1 Deforestation
2 Greenhouse effect
3 Global warming
4 Poverty cycle

45
Q

Fossil fuels

A

1 Coal
2 Oil
3 Natural gas

46
Q

Other term for oil

A

Bunker fuel

47
Q

One of the most efficient and cheapest source

A

Nuclear energy

48
Q

Potential health risks of coal

A 
1 Coal mining
2 Mine waste
3 Coal transportation
4 Site of destruction and construction activities
5 Power plant emission
6 Waste handling
49
Q

Used to generate electricity for power plants

A

Coal

50
Q

Waste produced by coal

A

1 Bottom ash

2 Fly ash

51
Q

Bottom ash

A

Ashes that are left on the ground

52
Q

Ashes that are left in the air after coal burning

A

Fly ash

53
Q

Biggest risk in fossil fuel

A

Fly ash

54
Q

Non-renewable source

A

Oil

55
Q

Products of refined crude oil

A 
1 Coal mining
2 Gasoline
3 Aviation fuel
4 Heating oil
5 Diesel oil
6 Naphtha
7 Grease/wax
8 Asphalt
56
Q

Similar to coal fire plant

A

Nuclear powerplant

57
Q

Hazards of fuel combustion

A 
1 Accidents
2 Fire
3 Air pollutants (ambient air)
4 Emissions (sulfur and nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides)
5 Indoor air pollution
58
Q

Hazards in extraction and processing of oil

A

1 Accidents caused by weather
2 Dermatitis
3 Accidents/explosions
4 Exposure to hydrocarbons

59
Q

Caused by long exposure to crude oil

A

Dermatitis

60
Q

Pollution from one large area to another

A

Trans-boundary pollution

61
Q

Indirect effects of oil

A

1 Trans-boundary pollution
2 Global warming/climate change
3 Acid rain (sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide)

62
Q

Reduce sulfur dioxide by 99%

A

Scrubber in power plants

63
Q

Oil pollution prevention

A

1 Scrubber in power plants
2 Electrostatic precipitations and bag filters
3 Use of natural gas for power generation

64
Q

Reduce dust, ash soot, and hydrocarbons

A

Electrostatic precipitations and bag filters

65
Q

Attract positively charged air pollutants

A

Negatively charged electrostatic precipitants and bag filters

66
Q

Used to generate steam and pressure which powers the turbine

A

Nuclear powerplants

67
Q

Removal methods of uranium

A

1 Underground
2 Open pit
3 In situ leach

68
Q

Environmental risks of nuclear powerplants

A

1 Land use impacts
2 Waste impacts
3 Operational risks

69
Q

Nuclear fuel cycle

A 
1 Mining and milling of uranium ore
2 Fuel enrichment and fabrication
3 Reactor operation
4 Spent fuel storage and transport
5 Fuel processing
6 Disposal of radioactive wastes
7 Decommissioning
70
Q

Potential health risks of nuclear powerplants

A

1 Respiratory cancers
2 Teratogenic effects
3 Silicosis
4 Increased incidence of childhood leukemia
5 Acute exposure (skin burns, damage to bone marrow, sterility)

Environmental Health 3 (6 decks)

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