Energy and Health Flashcards by Arianna A

Energy cycle

1 Material acquisition and construction
2 Emissions from material acquisition
3 Operation and maintenance
4 Energy back-up system
5 Energy storage system
6 Transportation and transmission
7 Waste management

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Needs for energy

1 Basic human needs (heating, lighting, cooking)
2 Agriculture (irrigation, equipment)
3 Urbanization (basic services, public utilities)
4 Transportation
5 Industrial production

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Major source of energy in the Philippines

Coal power plant

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Major source of energy in Japan, US, Europe

Nuclear power plant

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Has deleterious health effects

Emissions from material acquisition

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Energy storage system

Step-up transformer

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Uses highly toxic PCB

Step-up transformer

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

High voltage lines that transport energy

Transmission lines

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Radiation to which people living near transmission lines are exposed

Electromagnetic radiation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Waste produced by energy plants

Ash from coal

Heavy metal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

World electricity generation

1 Coal (39%)
2 Hydro (19%)
3 Nuclear power (16%)
4 Gas (15%)
5 Oil (10%)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cheapest source of energy

Solar energy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Renewable sources of energy

1 Solar energy
2 Wind energy
3 Hydropower

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sources of energy

1 Solar energy
2 Wind energy
3 Hydropower
4 Moving water
5 Biomass
6 Geothermal energy
7 Fossil fuel
8 Nuclear energy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

One of the strongest and fastest currents

San Bernardino Strait

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Hydropower process

1 Water from reservoir flows due to gravity to drive the turbine
2 Turbine is connected to the generator
3 Power generated is transmitted over power lines

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Requires impoundment facility

Hydropower

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Impoundment facility

1 Transmission lines
2 Dam
3 Penstock
4 Generators
5 Turbines

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Stores water

Dam

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Conduct electricity

Transmission lines

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Penstock

Carries water to the turbines

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Generators

Rotated by turbines to generate electricity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Turbines

Turned by the force of the water on their blades

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Location of the largest hydropower plant

China

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Highest use of hydropower

Canada | Tajikistan

Advantages of hydropower plants

1 No operational greenhouse gas emissions 2 No sulfur dioxide and nitrogen gas emissions 3 Non-environmental benefits

Non-environmental benefits of hydropower plants

``` 1 Flood control 2 Irrigation 3 Transportation 4 Fisheries 5 Tourism ```

Disadvantages of hydropower plants

1 Loss of land under reservoir 2 Interference with the transport of sediment by the dam 3 Problems associated with the reservoir

Problems associated with the reservoir

1 Climatic and seismic effects | 2 Impact on aquatic ecosystem, flora and fauna

Sizes of hydropower plants

``` 1 Large (>30 mw) 2 Small (100kw-30 mw 3 Micro (up to 100 kw) ```

Environmental problems of hydropower plants

1 Disruption of terrestrial ecosystem 2 Suspected to cause small earthquakes in areas prone to earth movements 3 Displacement of indigenous people 4 Failure of dams may cause catastrophic flooding

Indirect impacts of hydropower plants

1 May spread schistosomiasis in endemic areas 2 May introduce or increase prevalence of malaria particularly in upstream areas 3 Downstream areas are deprived of water and soil nutrients

T or F. Waves' currents produce large amounts of energy

Most common source of fuel

Biomass

Examples of biomass sources

1 Wood 2 Logging waste 3 Animal dung 4 Charcoal

Produce respirable particles, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, organic compounds

Incomplete combustion

Does not produce a net increase in carbon dioxide emissions

Biofuels

Relationship of GMP/Capita and biomass dependence

Inverse

May be used to create biofuels

Jatropha

Examples of biofuels

Ethanol | Biodiesel

Health effects of biomass fuel

``` 1 Smoke inhalation due to poor ventilation 2 Decreased lung function 3 Acute respiratory infections 4 Risk factor for still birth 5 Chronic bronchitis 6 Lung cancer 7 Risk of accidents and fire ```

Indoor pollution from wood-fired stove

1 Carbon monoxide | 2 Formaldehyde and benzene

Most hazardous by-product of incomplete combustion

Carbon monoxide

Group 1 carcinogen

Formaldehyde and benzene

Indirect effects of biofuels

1 Deforestation 2 Greenhouse effect 3 Global warming 4 Poverty cycle

Fossil fuels

1 Coal 2 Oil 3 Natural gas

Other term for oil

Bunker fuel

One of the most efficient and cheapest source

Nuclear energy

Potential health risks of coal

``` 1 Coal mining 2 Mine waste 3 Coal transportation 4 Site of destruction and construction activities 5 Power plant emission 6 Waste handling ```

Used to generate electricity for power plants

Coal

Waste produced by coal

1 Bottom ash | 2 Fly ash

Bottom ash

Ashes that are left on the ground

Ashes that are left in the air after coal burning

Fly ash

Biggest risk in fossil fuel

Fly ash

Non-renewable source

Oil

Products of refined crude oil

``` 1 Coal mining 2 Gasoline 3 Aviation fuel 4 Heating oil 5 Diesel oil 6 Naphtha 7 Grease/wax 8 Asphalt ```

Similar to coal fire plant

Nuclear powerplant

Hazards of fuel combustion

``` 1 Accidents 2 Fire 3 Air pollutants (ambient air) 4 Emissions (sulfur and nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides) 5 Indoor air pollution ```

Hazards in extraction and processing of oil

1 Accidents caused by weather 2 Dermatitis 3 Accidents/explosions 4 Exposure to hydrocarbons

Caused by long exposure to crude oil

Dermatitis

Pollution from one large area to another

Trans-boundary pollution

Indirect effects of oil

1 Trans-boundary pollution 2 Global warming/climate change 3 Acid rain (sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide)

Reduce sulfur dioxide by 99%

Scrubber in power plants

Oil pollution prevention

1 Scrubber in power plants 2 Electrostatic precipitations and bag filters 3 Use of natural gas for power generation

Reduce dust, ash soot, and hydrocarbons

Electrostatic precipitations and bag filters

Attract positively charged air pollutants

Negatively charged electrostatic precipitants and bag filters

Used to generate steam and pressure which powers the turbine

Nuclear powerplants

Removal methods of uranium

1 Underground 2 Open pit 3 In situ leach

Environmental risks of nuclear powerplants

1 Land use impacts 2 Waste impacts 3 Operational risks

Nuclear fuel cycle

``` 1 Mining and milling of uranium ore 2 Fuel enrichment and fabrication 3 Reactor operation 4 Spent fuel storage and transport 5 Fuel processing 6 Disposal of radioactive wastes 7 Decommissioning ```

Potential health risks of nuclear powerplants

1 Respiratory cancers 2 Teratogenic effects 3 Silicosis 4 Increased incidence of childhood leukemia 5 Acute exposure (skin burns, damage to bone marrow, sterility)