Overview Of Nervous System

Question 1

Neuron parts

Answer 1

Soma- cell body
Dendrites- receive input
Axon- extend from cell body carries excitatory output in form of AP

Question 2

How are neuroglia different from neurons

Answer 2

• do not form synapses
• have only one type of projection
• able to divide
• less electrically excitable

Question 3

What is considered part of PNS

Answer 3

• all peripheral nerves exiting the spinal cord and cranium
• sensory receptors (muscle, skin, special senses)
• interfaces with CNS in dorsal and ventral horns of spinal cord

Question 4

Types of matter and tracts in spinal cord

Answer 4

White- outer
Grey- inner
Ascending- to brain
Descending- from brain

Question 5

What does ascending dorsal column medial lemniscus carry

Answer 5

• sensory input on fine touch
• vibration
• proprioception
  To brain

Question 6

What does ascending spinothalamic pathway carry

Answer 6

• sensory input on temperature, crude touch, pain
  To brain

Question 7

What does corticospinal tract carry

Answer 7

Motor signals from brain to skeletal muscle to control movement
( pyramidal/extrapyramidal tract)

Question 8

Functions of the CNS

Answer 8

• gather and integrate information from PNS
• process and perceive information from PNS
• organize reflex and autonomic responses
• planning and executing voluntary movements
• higher functions like cognition, learning and memory

Question 9

Name the special senses, motor, sensory cortex’s and their lobe location

Answer 9

1 Primary motor cortex and promoter cortex- frontal lobe (skeletal muscle movement)
2 primary somatosensory cortex and sensory association area- parietal lobe (sensory info from skin, musculoskeletal system, viscera, taste buds
3 visual cortex and visual association area- occipital lobe
4 auditory cortex and auditory association area- temporal lobe
5 taste= gustatory cortex
6 smelly olfactory cortex

Question 10

What are brodmann areas

Answer 10

Areas in cortex defined by cytoarchitecture
- 52 areas
- anatomical areas

Question 11

Functions of cerebral cortex layers, how many layers

Answer 11

6 layers
Superficial layers- connections with other cortical areas
Intermediate layers- receive input from subcortical areas
Deep areas- project to subcortical areas

Question 12

What are cortical columns

Answer 12

• sex layered functional networks
• columns make up basic processing module for the cerebral cortex

Question 13

How to define function and activity of local region

Answer 13

Cellular makeup and the input and output connections

Question 14

How can we get perception, cognition, behaviour

Answer 14

Coordinated network activity

Question 15

What is included in subcortical gray matter

Answer 15

Thalamus and basal ganglia

Question 16

What is a function of thalamus and basil ganglia

Answer 16

Exchange information with the 6 layer cerebral cortex

Question 17

Function thalamus

Answer 17

Relay for sensory and motor info

Question 18

Function basal ganglia

Answer 18

Movement processing

Question 19

Function sensorimotor and promoter cortex

Answer 19

Motor coordination

Question 20

Function dorsilateral prefrontal and lateral orbits frontal cortex

Answer 20

Planning and execution

Question 21

Function limbic and paralimbic cortex, hippocampus and amygdala

Answer 21

Emotion

Question 22

Function astrocytes

Answer 22

Maintain ECF, sweepers

Question 23

Function microglia

Answer 23

Immune

Question 24

Function ependymal cells

Answer 24

Regulate what can go in CSF, part of blood brain barrier

Question 25

Function oligodendria

Answer 25

Make myelin in CNS for many neurons

Question 26

Function Schwann cells

Answer 26

Make myelin in PNS for one neuron

Question 27

Satellite cells

Answer 27

Provide nutrient support and protection to neurons in PNS

Question 28

What is neurogenesis

Answer 28

Have as many neurons as we will have