Overview Of Nervous System Flashcards
Neuron parts
Soma- cell body
Dendrites- receive input
Axon- extend from cell body carries excitatory output in form of AP
How are neuroglia different from neurons
- do not form synapses
- have only one type of projection
- able to divide
- less electrically excitable
What is considered part of PNS
- all peripheral nerves exiting the spinal cord and cranium
- sensory receptors (muscle, skin, special senses)
- interfaces with CNS in dorsal and ventral horns of spinal cord
Types of matter and tracts in spinal cord
White- outer
Grey- inner
Ascending- to brain
Descending- from brain
What does ascending dorsal column medial lemniscus carry
- sensory input on fine touch
- vibration
- proprioception
To brain
What does ascending spinothalamic pathway carry
- sensory input on temperature, crude touch, pain
To brain
What does corticospinal tract carry
Motor signals from brain to skeletal muscle to control movement
( pyramidal/extrapyramidal tract)
Functions of the CNS
- gather and integrate information from PNS
- process and perceive information from PNS
- organize reflex and autonomic responses
- planning and executing voluntary movements
- higher functions like cognition, learning and memory
Name the special senses, motor, sensory cortex’s and their lobe location
1 Primary motor cortex and promoter cortex- frontal lobe (skeletal muscle movement)
2 primary somatosensory cortex and sensory association area- parietal lobe (sensory info from skin, musculoskeletal system, viscera, taste buds
3 visual cortex and visual association area- occipital lobe
4 auditory cortex and auditory association area- temporal lobe
5 taste= gustatory cortex
6 smelly olfactory cortex
What are brodmann areas
Areas in cortex defined by cytoarchitecture
- 52 areas
- anatomical areas
Functions of cerebral cortex layers, how many layers
6 layers
Superficial layers- connections with other cortical areas
Intermediate layers- receive input from subcortical areas
Deep areas- project to subcortical areas
What are cortical columns
- sex layered functional networks
- columns make up basic processing module for the cerebral cortex
How to define function and activity of local region
Cellular makeup and the input and output connections
How can we get perception, cognition, behaviour
Coordinated network activity
What is included in subcortical gray matter
Thalamus and basal ganglia
What is a function of thalamus and basil ganglia
Exchange information with the 6 layer cerebral cortex
Function thalamus
Relay for sensory and motor info
Function basal ganglia
Movement processing
Function sensorimotor and promoter cortex
Motor coordination
Function dorsilateral prefrontal and lateral orbits frontal cortex
Planning and execution
Function limbic and paralimbic cortex, hippocampus and amygdala
Emotion
Function astrocytes
Maintain ECF, sweepers
Function microglia
Immune
Function ependymal cells
Regulate what can go in CSF, part of blood brain barrier
Function oligodendria
Make myelin in CNS for many neurons
Function Schwann cells
Make myelin in PNS for one neuron
Satellite cells
Provide nutrient support and protection to neurons in PNS
What is neurogenesis
Have as many neurons as we will have
