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BPK 306 > Central Control Of Autonomic Function > Flashcards

Central Control Of Autonomic Function Flashcards

1
Q

Provide a specific example of an autonomic pathway

A

Micturition response

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2
Q

Where do afferents originate

A

Viscera- internal organs in main cavity (especially abdomen)

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3
Q

Where does afferent info involved in reflex arcs come from? What mediates this info

A

Comes from visceral afferents- wall of intestine, wall of bladder
Mediated by autonomic nervous system

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4
Q

What are general visceral afferents (GVA)

A
  • originate around an organ
  • small fibres
  • mixed nerves (motor and sensory)
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5
Q

What does GVA information contribute to

A

Regulating homeostasis

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6
Q

What do GVA neurotransmitters cause the release of

A

Glutamate
AngII, CCK, oxytocin, somatostatin

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7
Q

What does the enteric NS regulate? How?

A

Regulate GI motility
Mechanoreceptors of gut wall send afferent input to spinal cord
By reflex control without much descending control using the autonomic NS ‘control system’

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8
Q

Sympathetic NS- what NT is released from preganglionic and postganglionic efferent neuron

A

Pre- Ach (NAChR)
Post- NA (GPCR- adrenergic)

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9
Q

Parasympathetic NS- what NT is released from preganglionic and postganglionic efferent neuron

A

Pre- Ach (nACR)
Post- Ach (GPCR- muscarinic)

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10
Q

SNS vs PNS which has long preganglionic efferent neuron

A

SNS- short pre- long post
PNS- long pre- short post

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11
Q

What spinal cord region controls SNS vs PNS efferents

A

SNS- preganglionic neuron in thoracic or lumbar spinal cord
PNS- preganglionic neuron in cranial nerves or sacral spinal cords

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12
Q

Where are reflex arc cell bodies found (autonomic NS)

A

Preganglionic neuron- cell bodies in CNS
Postganglionic neuron- cell bodies in ganglia of PNS

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13
Q

What type of fibres are pre/postganglionic efferents of autonomic NS

A

Preganglionic efferent- type B
Postganglionic efferent- type C

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14
Q

List the types of sensory fibre types and what it supplies

A

Ia and Ib- primary muscle spindles, golgi tendon organs
II- secondary muscle spindles, skin mechanoreceptors
III- skin mechanoreceptors, thermal receptors, nociceptors
IV- skin mechanoreceptors, thermal receptors, nociceptors

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15
Q

List motor fibre types

A

B- preganglionic autonomic nervous system
C- postganglionic autonomic nervous system
A-alpha- extrafusal skeletal muscle fibres
A- gamma- intrafusal muscle fibres

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16
Q

Sensory fibres diameter and conducting velocity

A
  • wide diameter, myelinated = faster
    Ia and Ib- 0.13-20 micro m, 80-120 m/s
    II- 0.16-12 um, 35-75 m/s
    III- 0.11-51 um, 15-30 m/s
    IV- 0.2-1.5 um, 0.5-2 m/s
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17
Q

Motor fibre type diameter and conducting velocity

A

A-alpha- 0.12-20 um, 80-120 m/s
A-gamma- 0.12-8.2 um, 35-37 m/s
B- 0.21-33 um, 3-15 m/s
C- 0.2-2 um, 0.5-2 m/s

18
Q

What are splanchnic nerves

A

Mixed nerves that innervate the viscera

19
Q

How many neurons for efferent and afferent pathways

A

Efferent- 2- pre/post
Afferent- 1- GVA (general visceral afferents)

20
Q

Explain Sympathetic reflex = Autonomic Reflex Arc components

A

Afferent: 1 neuron. GVAs (general visceral afferents) sense stretch- cell bodies in dorsal root ganglia.
Afferent synapse to efferent
Efferent: 2 neurons. Preganglionic and postganglionic. Preganglionic cells concentrated in lateral horn, exit spinal cord via ventral root and enter paravertebral ganglia at same level. Preganglionic cell may synapse at paravertebral ganglia or pass through to enter a splanchnic nerve and travel to a prevertebral ganglia

21
Q

Difference between efferent pathway in autonomic sympathetic reflex vs somatic motor neurons reflex

A

Autonomic- Two neuron pathway

22
Q

Delete

A

D

23
Q

How are Preganglionic fibres formed

A

Specialized motor neurons

24
Q

Where are sympathetic Preganglionic neurons found

A

Found in intermediolateral cell columns in the spinal cord- lateral horn (T1-L2)

25
Q

Where are postganglionic neurons found

A
  • in paravertebral ganglia (chain of ganglia beside the spinal cord)
  • in prevertebral ganglia (within abdominal cavity)
  • project to smooth muscles, glands, other targets
26
Q

What kind of receptor is used for transmission between Preganglionic and postganglionic neurons (sympathetic)

A

Nicotinic or muscarinic ACh receptors (fast vs slow EPSP)

27
Q

What kind of receptor is used for postganglionic neurons to target cell (sympathetic) and what NT

A

Alpha or beta adrenergic receptors
NE is neurotransmitter

28
Q

Name the 6 Sympathetic responses

A
  • ciliary muscle (beta): Pupil dilation
    (mydriasis); enhances far vision
  • heart (beta 1): SA node and ventricles; increases HR and contracility
  • stomach (alpha, beta 2): Decreased
    motility, sphincter contraction, reduced secretions
  • small intestine (alpha, beta 2): Decreased
    motility, sphincter contraction, reduced secretions
  • lungs (beta 2): Bronchodilation, increased ventilation
  • abdominal Arterioles (alpha, beta 2): Constriction; diversion of blood from GI tract to muscles
29
Q

What does increased cortisol production cause

A

Mobilization of carbohydrates and lipid stores for energy metabolism

30
Q

What is the neuron organization in parasympathetic reflexes

A

Afferents are GVA
Efferents have 2 neuron motor pathway (pre/post)

31
Q

Locations of neurons in parasympathetic reflexes

A
  • presynaptic neuron cell bodies in cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X (brain stem) and sacral spinal cord (S2, S3, S4)
  • postsynaptic neurons located in ganglia near or in wall of target neuron
32
Q

Differences in sympathetic and parasympathetic reflexes

A
  • location of presynaptic and postsynaptic efferents
  • smooth muscles of blood vessels receive exclusively sympathetic innervation
33
Q

Name the 7 parasympathetic responses

A
  • ciliary muscles (M3): Pupillary constriction (miosis); enhances near vision
  • salivary and lacrimal glands (M3): Increased secretion
  • heart (M2): Decreased HR and contractility
  • stomach and intestine (M1, M2, M3): Increased motility, relaxation of sphincters, increased secretion
    Lungs (M3): Bronchoconstriction
    Abdominal Arterioles (M3): Vasodilation
    Bladder (M2, M3): contraction, sphincter relaxation
34
Q

What causes the firing of ANS preganglionic neurons

A

Controlled by pathways that synapse onto them (not cortex )
- spinal reflex arc
- brain stem reflex pathways
- descending control originating from hypothalamus

35
Q

What regulates autonomic function

A

hypothalamus
- preoptic region
- Septal region
- lateral hypo

36
Q

What things does the ANS regulate

A
  • temperature regulation
  • food/water intake
37
Q

What effects if damage to ANS

A

Temperature:
• Lesions to the heat loss centre (preoptic center/anterior
hypothalamus) prevent sweating and cutaneous vasodilation, lead to hyperthermia
• Lesions to the heat conservation centre (posterior
hypothalamus) can cause hypothermia

Food intake:
• Glucoreceptors in the hypothalamus activated when blood glucose levels drop
• Lesions to lateral hypothalamus suppress food intake
(aphagia), can cause starvation and death
• Lesions to the ventromedial area (satiety center) results in
hyperphagia, can lead to obesity

38
Q

What is the micturition pathway (overview)

A
  • involves spinal reflex and descending input from a supraspinal centre
  • sympathetic input inhibits destructor (beta) and excites internal sphincter (alpha)
  • external sphincter is striated- somatic innervation
39
Q

Micturition afferent

A
  • stretch activates (GVA) afferents project to pons
  • commands reach sacral spinal cord via the reticulospinal pathway
40
Q

Explain Micturition Pathway

A

Lecture 9 ANS

41
Q

What does the body do to warm up or cool off

A

• Cooling causes shivering, piloerection, increase in thyroid
activity
• Warming reduces thyroid activity, sweating and vasodilation

BPK 306 (18 decks)

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