overview of healthcare in England Flashcards
According to the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, what conditions are required for a person to be in good health?
- education
- income
- food
- water
- shelter
- peace
- stable eco-system
- sustainable resources
- social justice and EQUITY
Define Health.
‘a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.’ - WHO
What is the key difference between individual and population healthcare?
individual healthcare focuses on treatment best for the individual while population healthcare focuses on treatment that is best in terms of social justice and equity i.e. how to provide best healthcare for population as a whole.
describe the stages of prevention for healthcare and give examples of each in terms of colorectal cancer.
Primary prevention - promoting and maintaining good health (reducing risk factors etc.)
Secondary prevention - early detection and treatment of cause of ill health (screening programmes, care pathways for early diagnosis)
Tertiary prevention - managing established conditions (limiting progression of disease, improvement of functioning, minimise disability)
Also End of Life Care - supporting people approaching death (palliative care; controlling symptoms, patient autonomy, holistic approach etc.)
Colorectal cancer:
1 - I: lifestyle/diet advice P: health lifestyle campaigns
2 - I: tests that detect cancer early P: national bowel screening programme
3 - I: monitoring for reoccurrence/metastases P: integrated care pathways
4 - palliative care
- I = individual approach P = population approach
What factors contribute to changing healthcare requirements in this country?
- increasing population
- ageing population
- increased life expectancy
- more migration
- more people with chronic disease
- new technological advancements/new treatments
- antibiotic resistance
- increase in patient expectations
- more people with diseases due to lifestyle choices
describe the traditional health service model.
- disease-based approach
- separate health and social care
- separate physical and mental health services
- gaps in healthcare for certain groups of people; older adults, those with long-term physical or long-term mental health conditions
describe the new integrated approach to healthcare.
- combined care/integrated services
- health AND social care
- primary, community, secondary and tertiary care
- prevention and treatment services
- population approaches and individual patient-centred care
- professional and patient perspectives
What are the three areas of health management that Public Health is concerned with?
- health improvement (lifestyle, inequalities)
- health service improvement (equity, service planning)
- health protection (infectious diseases, environmental hazards)
What changes to healthcare are the NHS trying to make? Give examples.
- improve primary and acute care i.e. GP care
- improve urgent and emergency care services
- healthcare support in care homes
- modern maternity services
- specialised care centres - to stop clog up at general care
- multispeciality community providers
What can local authorities do to help in primary and secondary prevention?
- national child measurement programme
- nutrition and physical activity services in workplace
- lifestyle info and advice
- lifestyle services - smoking cessation and weight management clinics
- sexual health, drugs and alcohol services
- health checks
- public health services for children and young people
- prevent poor housing from impacting on health
