health promotion and primary prevention Flashcards
Once again, describe the levels of prevention.
primary - preventing disease/injury before it occurs
secondary - reducing impact of disease/ injury and screening
tertiary - long-term management of condition to minimise disability and improve symptoms/quality of life
Define Health Promotion.
‘the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their health.’ - WHO
Give examples of health promotion.
- drink driving campaigns
- tobacco controls
- immunisation programmes
- screening programmes (e.g. breast/bowel cancer)
- water fluoridation
- self management of disease
- healthy eating campaigns
What are the three approaches to health promotion?
- medical
- behavioural
- socio-environmental
What health problems would be tackled by each of the three approaches to health promotion?
medical: high BP, CVD, mental health issues
behavioural: smoking, poor diet, alcohol abuse
socio-economic: poverty, pollution, isolation, loneliness
What are examples of unhealthy behaviours we want to prevent in the population?
- smoking
- alcohol abuse
- sedentary lifestyle
- substance misuse
- poor diet
- unsafe driving
- risky leisure pursuits
What are examples of healthy behaviours we want to promote in the population?
- fruit+veg consumption - balanced diet
- condom use
- exercise
- sun protection
- attending screening
- immunisation
- dental health checks
- self management of disease
- seat belts/ helmets
Describes the levels of the intervention ladder from the greatest level of intervention into peoples’ healthcare to the least.
- eliminate choice completely
- restrict choice
- guide choices through changing default policy
- guide change through incentives
- guide change through disincentives
- enable choice
- provide information
- do nothing or simply monitor current situation
Name 6 health promotion strategies.
- health communication
- health education
- self-help/mutual aid
- organisational change
- community development and mobilisation
- policy/legislation
Give examples of health communication strategies for health promotion.
providing info to large audiences:
- tv adverts
- leaflets
- billboards
- front of cigarette packet labels
- food labelling
Give examples of health education strategies for health promotion.
education on how to manage a disease or condition:
- 1:1 or group sessions
- school based education
- healthcare workers and community support
Give examples of self help/mutual aid strategies for health promotion.
opportunities for ppl who share common experiences to support each other:
- alcoholics anonymous
- weight management
- cv rehabilitation
Give examples of organisational change strategies for health promotion.
creating environments for ppl to make healthy choices in:
- school healthy eating policy
- no smoking policy in hospitals/smoking ban
- workplace exercise programmes
- workplace shower facilities
Give examples of community development/mobilisation strategies for health promotion.
North Karelia study:
- in Finland in 1970s
- 1960s had high rates of CVD mortality
- in 1970, local concerns and petitions
- 1972 - launch of local project to reduce smoking and improve diet
- this was done through NHS, schools, non-government organisations, media, food industry
- effect was reducing rates of CVD mortality
What is the difference between policy and legislation?
policy = plan of action to guide people to stick to legislation legislation = rules enforced by the law
