disability studies and health Flashcards
The Eugenics Education society advocated 4 strategies to prevent ‘degeneration’ of society. what were they?
- sterilisation (the weak do not have children)
- marital regulation
- birth control
- segregation of the unfit
define idiot.
someone who is unable to guard himself against common physical dangers.
define imbecile.
someone who is incapable of managing or being taught to manage his own affairs.
define feeble minded.
someone requiring care and supervision for his own protection or the protection of others
define moral imbecile.
an imbecile who was not mentally defective.
Describe the Tragedy Charity model of disability.
- depicts people as victims of circumstance, deserving of PITY
- used by CHARITIES to fundraise
- model is graphically illustrated in Children in Need appeals
- from pity stems a culture of care
- model is condemned as DIS-ENABLING
- ‘biggest problem that we, the disabled have, is that you, the non disabled are only comfortable when you see us icons of pity.’ Nabil Shaban (Everyman)
- critics suggest charity funds should be channelled to promote empowerment of disabled people and their full integration into society as equal citizens.
For what reasons did the outlook of disabled people change from one related to defective and needing institutionalised care to one that saw disabled people as functioning people that needed quality attention and care?
- discrediting eugenics movement: occurred as became associated with the Nazi regime in Germany. Also there was research into how environmental factors can raise IQ scores
- Hospital scandals: series of scandals from 1980s onwards, severe neglect of people in institutions
- growth of Therapeutic Optimism: professionals believing positive change is possible due to new, more advanced treatment techniques.
Describe the Medical model for disability.
- states that disability stems from an individual person’s limitations (physical and/or mental)
- places that housed people with learning disabilities termed ‘total institutions’
- features of total institutions include rigidity, depersonalisation (lose own character), block treatment (don’t look at everyone individually), social distance (block people off from society and each other)
- e.g. mental illness hospitals, monasteries, prisons
- does however have SOME therapeutic aspects
what is the WHO 1980 definition for impairment?
any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or anatomical structure
what is the WHO 1980 definition for disability?
any restriction or lack of ability (from impairment) to perform and activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being
what is the WHO 1980 definition for handicap?
any disadvantage for a given individual, resulting from an impairment or disability that limits or prevents the fulfilment of a role that is normal for that individual.
Describe the Social model for disability.
- disability is ‘the loss or limitation of opportunities to take part in the normal life of the community on an equal level with others, due to physical or social barriers.’
- consequence of environmental, social and attitudinal barriers
- stems from a failure of SOCIETY to meet the needs of disabled people
- society and environment must change
- focuses on society not the individual but does take into account the individual
- e.g. person with sight problem in 1st world country not considered disabled as free vision care > can participate adequately in society. person with sight impairment may be considered disabled as eye care not available.
- flaw: suggests disability would be eradicated if society was changed.
Describe the Social Adapted (biopsychosocial) model of disability.
- advocated by WHO (ICF - international classification of functioning disability and health)
- based on social model but incorporates elements of medical model by identifying significance of impairments
- recognises not all problems ca be addressed currently but if we recognise that there is a problem we can do our best efforts to help.
- still believes disability stems primarily from a social and environmental failure
- does not focus on individual limitations but takes into account peoples’ potential
what is Disability Discrimination Act?
2005 law that makes it unlawful to discriminate against disabled people in:
- employment
- trade union and qualification bodies
- access to goods, facilities and service
- access to management, buying or renting of land/property
- education
- regulations dealing with buses, coaches and trains
What 9 human characteristics are protected under the Single Equality Act 2010?
- age
- disability
- gender reassignment
- marriage and civil partnership
- pregnancy and maternity
- race
- religion and belief
- sex
- sexual orientation
