Overview of Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Asthma

A

eosinophillic, chronic inflammation of the large and small airways which is reversible

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2
Q

COPD

A

result of smoking - obstructive disease neutrophillic

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3
Q

Atopy

A

allergy

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4
Q

Airway Remodelling

A

as a result of chronic inflammation in the airway

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5
Q

Eosinophils

A

a white blood cell containing granules that are readily stained by eosin.

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6
Q

Neutrophils

A

most abundant type of granulocytes

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7
Q

Macrophages

A

a large phagocytic cell

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8
Q

Diurnal variability

A

variations between morning and night

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9
Q

Bronchodilator reversibility

A

The reversibility of the an airway disease by a bronchodilator

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10
Q

Chronic Bronchitis

A

neutrophillic inflammation

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11
Q

Emphysema

A

a form of COPD

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12
Q

Cor Pulmonale

A

condition that most commonly arises out of complications from high blood pressure (pulmonary hypertension). It’s also known as right-sided heart failure

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13
Q

ACOS

A

Asthma and COPD overlap syndrome - more responsive to to steroids

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14
Q

DPLD

A

Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease

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15
Q

What is the DPLD?

A

A restrictive thoracic disease - a disease of alveolar structures

Causes issues in gas exchange

There is fluid in the alveolar air spaces

CO2 not affected as ventilation is normal

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16
Q

What is the primary abnormality in DPLD?

A

hypoxia –> impaired gas exhange

17
Q

What are the causes of DPLD?

A

Cardiac Pulmonary Oedema

Non-cardiac - i.e. sepsis or trauma causing leaking pulmonary capillaries

18
Q

Causes of DPLD (3)

A

Infective Disease

Infarction

Other disease such as Autoimmune Rheumatoid, BOOP

19
Q

Granulomatous Alveolitis

A

Collection of inflammatory cells

Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis

Sarcoidosis

20
Q

Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis

A

Hypersensitivity Penumonitis Type 3 reaction

Farmers Lung - mouldy hay, granulomatous

Avian - bird allergens

21
Q

Causes of drug induced alveolitis (4)

A

Amiodarone

Bleomycin

Methotrexate

Gold

22
Q

Toxic Gas Fumes which cause alveolitis

23
Q

Causes of fibrosing alveolitis

A

Rheumatoid

Cryptogenic

24
Q

Auto-immune causes of Alveolitis

A

Systemic Lupus Eryhtmitis

Wegners

Churg-Strauss

Bechet’s

25
Another word for dust-disease
pneumoconiosis
26
Fibrogenic dust-disease (alveolitis)
asbestosis silicosis
27
Non-fibrogenic dust disease (alveolitis)
Siderosis (Iron) Stanosis (Tin) Baritosis (Barium)
28
Eosinophillic causes of DPLD
Drugs - nitrofurantoin Fungal - aspergillis Parasites - toxocara, ascaris, filaria Autoimmune - churg strauss, polyarteritis
29
Clinical Presentation of DPLD (6)
1. Breathless on exertion 2. Cough but no wheeze 3. Finger Clubbing 4. Inspiratory Lung Crackles 5. Central cyanosis 6. Pulmonary fibrosis occurs as end stage response to chronic inflammation
30
DPLD Diagnosis from: History Lung Volumes Gas Diffusion Arterial Oxygen
History - pets, occupation, drugs, arthritis Lung Volumes - FEV1 and FVC decreased - normal ratio Peak Flow Normal Reduced Gas Diffusion TLCO Decreased PaO2 and SaO2 at rest or exercise
31
1st Line Treatment of DPLD
Systemic corticosteroids inhaled steroids are not effective
32
2nd Line treatment of DPLD
oral Azahioprine Anti-fibrotic agents - Pirfenidone, Nintedanib Anti-oxidant agents - Acetylcysteine
33
What is the last resort treatment for end stage DPLD?
Lung transplant
34
This is _______ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ caused by sarcoidosis
Erythema Nodosum
35
What is shown here?
Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy Sarcoidosis
36