Formative Assessment Pointers Week 1

Question 1

Site of the horizontal fissure

Answer 1

RIGHT 4th rib

Question 2

Level of the carina

Answer 2

Rib 2

Question 3

Level of the oblique fissure posteriorly

Answer 3

T3

Question 4

Contains cartilage and surrounded by arch of azygous vein

Answer 4

RIGHT main bronchus

Question 5

Carries oxygenated blood and sited inferoposteriorly within the lung root

Answer 5

Pulmonary vein

Question 6

Carries deoxygenated blood and sited superiormedially within the lung root

Answer 6

pulmonary arteries

Question 7

Product of Type II Alveolar cells that opposes alveolar surface tension

Answer 7

alveolar surfactant

Question 8

Keeps the visceral and parietal pleurae closely opposed and can be overcome by a pneumothorax

Answer 8

Transmural Pressure Gradient

Question 9

Keeps the visceral and parietal pleurae closely opposed. Dependent on water molecule polarity.

Answer 9

Intrapleural Fluid

Question 10

Is a palpable reference point that can be used in basic emergency care.

Answer 10

Xiphoid Process

Question 11

The site used in decompressing a tension pneumothorax.

Answer 11

2nd intercostal space

Question 12

The site of the oblique fissure anteriorly.

Answer 12

Rib 6

Question 13

Most O2 is transported…

Answer 13

by haemoglobin

Question 14

Most CO2 is transported…

Answer 14

as bicarbonate

Question 15

A small proportion of O2 is transported…

Answer 15

in solution

Question 16

An accessory muscle of respiration in the neck

Answer 16

Sternocleidomastoid

Question 17

A major inspiratory muscle in a sheet, containing crura.

Answer 17

Diaphragm

Question 18

Thoracic muscles involved in active expiration.

Answer 18

Internal Intercostals

Question 19

Where the middle lobe is auscultated

Answer 19

Between right ribs 4 and 6

Question 20

The site of the lung apex

Answer 20

Superior to the clavicle

Question 21

Where the lung base is auscultated

Answer 21

T11 vertebra

Question 22

Fick’s law of diffusion

Answer 22

Gas diffusion across a surface is inversely proportional to surface thickness and proportional to area

Question 23

Dalton’s law

Answer 23

The total pressure of a mixture of gases equals the sum of the partial pressures of each component gas

Question 24

The law of LaPlace

Answer 24

Smaller alveoli have a greater tendency to collapse

Question 25

The Bohr effect

Answer 25

The oxygen dissocation curve is shifted right due to conditions in the tissues, meaning more oxygen is released

Question 26

The Haldane effect

Answer 26

As O2 is removed from Hb, Hb's ability to pick up CO2 and CO2-generated H+ ions is increased

Question 27

Henry's Law

Answer 27

The amount of a gas dissolved in a given type and volume of liquid at constant temperature is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas in equilibrium with the liquid

Question 28

The volume of air breathed in and out per minute

Answer 28

Pulmonary ventilation

Question 29

The volume of air exchanged between the atmosphere and alveoli per minute

Answer 29

alveolar ventilation

Question 30

The inspired air that is available for gas exchange

Answer 30

Alveolar ventilation

Question 31

Those alveoli who are well ventilated but not adequately perfused

Answer 31

Alveolar dead space

Question 32

The parts of the bronchial tree not available for airway exchange.

Answer 32

Anatomical dead space

Question 33

The factor that most increases pulmonary ventilation.

Answer 33

Tidal volume

Question 34

Is palpable within the jugular notch.

Answer 34

trachea

Question 35

Is the level at which the lower respiratory tract begins

Answer 35

C6 vertebra

Question 36

Is an anatomical landmark for cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Answer 36

xiphoid process

Question 37

The intracellular mechanisms and processes that consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide.

Answer 37

Internal respiration

Question 38

At a constant temperature, the pressure exerted by a gas varies inversely with the volume of the gas

Answer 38

Boyle's Law

Question 39

P=2T/r describes the relationship between alveolar radius and the tendency to collapse. A smaller alveolar radius means a higher tendency to collapse

Answer 39

Law of LaPlace

Question 40

The processes that exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the external environment and the cells of the body.

Answer 40

External respiration

Question 41

Comprises ventilation, gas exchange between the alveoli and blood, gas transport, and gas exchange at the tissues

Answer 41

External respiration

Question 42

Maintains alveolar patency through the elastic recoil of surrounding alveoli preventing alveolar collapse

Answer 42

Alveolar interdependence

Question 43

A monoclonal antibody against IgE that also reduces IgE receptor expression.

Answer 43

Subcutaneous omalizumab

Question 44

A short acting B-2 agonist used to relieve bronchospasm in mild to moderate asthma

Answer 44

Inhaled salbutamol

Question 45

An add-on B-2 agonist used in asthma that responds poorly to initial management

Answer 45

Inhaled salmeterol

Question 46

A methylxanthine used as add-on therapy in asthma. Serum levels must be monitored due to drug interactions

Answer 46

Oral theophylline

Question 47

An anti-inflammatory that can trigger bronchospasm in sensitive individuals

Answer 47

Oral ibuprofen

Question 48

A CysLT-1 receptor antagonist (anti-leukotriene), used as add-on therapy in asthma

Answer 48

Oral montelukast

Question 49

Carries deoxygenated blood, drains into the superior vena cava and arches round the right lung root.

Answer 49

Azygous vein

Question 50

Arise from the anterior surface of the descending aorta.

Answer 50

Bronchial arteries

Question 51

Surrounded by vessels, and may appear black on dissection.

Answer 51

Pulmonary lymph nodes