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MJ- Pharmacology Exam 1 > Overview of abx- Red info > Flashcards

Overview of abx- Red info Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillinase-susceptible and penicillinase-resistant: Are these narrow spectrum or wide spectum penicillins?

A

Narrow spectrum

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2
Q

Wider spectrum penicillins may or may not have what?

A

+/- penicillinase inhibitor

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3
Q

What is the Pharmacokinetics of Penicillins (bacterial cell wall inhibitors)?

A
  • renal elimination
  • Some biliary clearance of ampicillin and nafcillin
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4
Q

ADEs of which group of meds?

  • Hypersensitivity reactions***
  • Maculopapular rash (ampicillin)
A

Penicillins (bacterial cell wall inhibitors)

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5
Q

What is the activity spectrum and clinical uses of narrow spectrum penicillins (bacterial cell wall inhibitors)?

A
  • Streptococcal infections
  • Staphylococcal infections
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6
Q

What is the activity spectrum of wider spectrum penicillins?

A

•Greater activity vs gram-negative bacteria

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7
Q

•Which abx enter the CNS?

A

3rd gen Cephalosporins (bacterial cell wall inhibitors)

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8
Q

ADEs:

  • Assume complete cross-reactivity between cephalosporins
  • First generation partial cross-reactivity with penicillins
A

Cephalosporins

(bacterial cell wall inhibitors)

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9
Q

•Skin, soft tissue, UTI

Activity spectrum/clinical uses of_____?

A

First generation cephalosporins

(bacterial cell wall inhibitors)

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10
Q

•More active vs S pneumoniae and H influenza; B fragilis

Activity spectrum/clinical uses of____?

A

2nd gen Cephalosporins

B. Fragilis–> Cefotetan

(bacterial cell wall inhibitors)

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11
Q

Clinical uses/activity spectrum of_____=

  • pneumonia, meningitis, and gonorrhea
  • Broad activity, beta-lactamase-stable
A

3rd gen Cephalosporin

(bacterial cell wall inhibitors)

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12
Q

Which generation of cephalosporin has pseudomonas coverage?

A

4th generation cephalosporin

(bacterial cell wall inhibitors)

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13
Q

Which group of abx has the following clinical uses:

  • Skin, soft tissue
  • CAP
A

5th gen cephalosporin

(bacterial cell wall inhibitors)

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14
Q

Why might first gen cephalosporins exhibit cross sensitivity w/ penicillins?

A

•found to be contaminated with penicillin in the past, probably explaining cross-reactivity in penicillin-allergic patients

can give 2nd-5th gen cephalosporins but often withheld in patients w/ true sensitivites (anaphylaxis)

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15
Q

ADEs

•CNS effects include confusion and seizures

A

ADEs of Carbapenems

(bacterial cell wall inhibitors)

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16
Q

Which group of abx has activity against the following:

  • PRSP strains (not MRSA)
  • gram-negative rods
  • Pseudomonas sp
A

Carbapenems

(These abx are broad spectrum bacterial cell wall inhibitors))

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17
Q

Which group of abx?

  • No cross-allergenicity with beta-lactams
  • Active only vs gram-negative bacteria
A

Monobactam

(bacterial cell wall inhibitor)

18
Q

PK for _____?

  • Parenteral for systemic infections
  • Oral ________ for C difficile colitis
A

Vancomycin (a glycopeptide)

(Vanco is bacterial cell wall inhibitor)

19
Q

Activity spectrum for______=

•MRSA and PRSP strains

A

Vancomycin (a glycopeptide)

(Vanco is a bacterial cell wall inhibitors)

20
Q

Which abx has myopathy as a toxicity and must have CPK monitored weekly?

A

Daptomycin (a lipopeptide- a bacterial cell wall inhibitor)

21
Q

Which abx has the following activity spectrum:

  • Endocarditis
  • Sepsis
  • MSSA
  • MRSA
  • Off-labeled uses
    • Osteomyelitis
    • Prosthetic join infections
A

Daptomycin

(bacterial cell wall inhibitor)

22
Q

ADEs for which group of abx?

  • Hepatic dysfunction
  • QT elongation
  • CYP450 inhibition (not azithromycin)
A

Macrolides

(Bacterial Protein Synthesis Inhibitors)

23
Q

Activity spectrum for which group of abx?

  • CAP
  • Pertussis,
  • Corynebacteria
    • Diphtheria
  • Chlamydial
A

Macrolides

(Bacterial Protein Synthesis Inhibitors)

“Chlams Dip their CAPs in MAC PERfume”

24
Q

Which abx can cause C difficile colitis?

A

Lincosamides (agent: Clindamycin)

(Bacterial Protein Synthesis Inhibitors)

25
Q

Activity spectrum for______=

  • Treatment of serious infections due to organisms resistant to less toxic antibiotics
  • Active against many vancomycin-resistant enterococci
A

Chloramphenicol

(Bacterial Protein Synthesis Inhibitors)

26
Q

ADEs for______=

  • Dose-related anemia
  • Gray baby syndrome
A

Chloramphenicol

(Bacterial Protein Synthesis Inhibitors)

27
Q

Activity spectrum for______=

  • MRSA
  • PRSP

•VRE strains

A

Oxazolidinone

(Bacterial Protein Synthesis Inhibitor)

28
Q

ADEs of_______=

  • Dose-related anemia
  • Neuropathy
  • Optic neuritis
  • Serotonin syndrome with SSRIs
A

Oxazolidinone

(Bacterial Protein Synthesis Inhibitors)

29
Q

Which group of abx are often used in combinations with beta-lactams?

A

Aminoglycosides (ex: gentamicin)

(Bacterial Protein Synthesis Inhibitors)

30
Q

Which group of abx has the following ADEs:

  • Nephrotoxicity (reversible),
  • Ototoxicity (irreversible),
  • Neuromuscular blockade
A

Aminoglycosides

(Bacterial Protein Synthesis Inhibitors)

31
Q

Which abx has the following mechanism:

•Blockade of folic acid synthesis

A

Sulfonamide and trimethoprim

32
Q

Which group of abx has the following mechanism?

Interfere with bacterial DNA synthesis by inhibiting DNA gyrase

A

Fluoroquinolones

33
Q

Activity spectrum for_____=

  • UTI
  • MSSA or MRSA: skin/soft tissue infections
A

Sulfonamides with Trimethoprim (Agent: Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole)

34
Q
A
35
Q

•Dosing of TMP-SMX is based on the _________ component

A

trimethoprim

36
Q

Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin are used mainly for _________

A

urinary tract infections

37
Q

Which 3 medications are “respiratory” fluoroquinolones?

A

Levofloxacin, gemfloxacin, and moxifloxacin

38
Q

Which group of medications has the following ADEs:

  1. CNS effects
  2. Tendinitis (avoid giving to kids and in pregnancy)
  3. Peripheral neuropathy
  4. Neuromuscular-blocking activity
  5. QTc prolongation
A

Fluoroquinolones (inhibits DNA replication via binding to DNA gyrase)

39
Q

Which group of abx has the following interaction:

-oral absorption impaired by cations-Calcium, magnesium, aluminum

A

Fluoroquinolones

40
Q

Definition of _____=

Killing effects of 2+ antimicrobials used together are significantly greater than expected from their effects when used individually

A

Synergism

41
Q
A
42
Q

What provides info about local resistance patterns and can be used to determine empiric tx options?

A

Antibiogram

MJ- Pharmacology Exam 1 (13 decks)

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