Overview of abx- Red info Flashcards
Penicillinase-susceptible and penicillinase-resistant: Are these narrow spectrum or wide spectum penicillins?
Narrow spectrum
Wider spectrum penicillins may or may not have what?
+/- penicillinase inhibitor
What is the Pharmacokinetics of Penicillins (bacterial cell wall inhibitors)?
- renal elimination
- Some biliary clearance of ampicillin and nafcillin
ADEs of which group of meds?
- Hypersensitivity reactions***
- Maculopapular rash (ampicillin)
Penicillins (bacterial cell wall inhibitors)
What is the activity spectrum and clinical uses of narrow spectrum penicillins (bacterial cell wall inhibitors)?
- Streptococcal infections
- Staphylococcal infections
What is the activity spectrum of wider spectrum penicillins?
•Greater activity vs gram-negative bacteria
•Which abx enter the CNS?
3rd gen Cephalosporins (bacterial cell wall inhibitors)
ADEs:
- Assume complete cross-reactivity between cephalosporins
- First generation partial cross-reactivity with penicillins
Cephalosporins
(bacterial cell wall inhibitors)
•Skin, soft tissue, UTI
Activity spectrum/clinical uses of_____?
First generation cephalosporins
(bacterial cell wall inhibitors)
•More active vs S pneumoniae and H influenza; B fragilis
Activity spectrum/clinical uses of____?
2nd gen Cephalosporins
B. Fragilis–> Cefotetan
(bacterial cell wall inhibitors)
Clinical uses/activity spectrum of_____=
- pneumonia, meningitis, and gonorrhea
- Broad activity, beta-lactamase-stable
3rd gen Cephalosporin
(bacterial cell wall inhibitors)
Which generation of cephalosporin has pseudomonas coverage?
4th generation cephalosporin
(bacterial cell wall inhibitors)
Which group of abx has the following clinical uses:
- Skin, soft tissue
- CAP
5th gen cephalosporin
(bacterial cell wall inhibitors)
Why might first gen cephalosporins exhibit cross sensitivity w/ penicillins?
•found to be contaminated with penicillin in the past, probably explaining cross-reactivity in penicillin-allergic patients
can give 2nd-5th gen cephalosporins but often withheld in patients w/ true sensitivites (anaphylaxis)
ADEs
•CNS effects include confusion and seizures
ADEs of Carbapenems
(bacterial cell wall inhibitors)
Which group of abx has activity against the following:
- PRSP strains (not MRSA)
- gram-negative rods
- Pseudomonas sp
Carbapenems
(These abx are broad spectrum bacterial cell wall inhibitors))
Which group of abx?
- No cross-allergenicity with beta-lactams
- Active only vs gram-negative bacteria
Monobactam
(bacterial cell wall inhibitor)
PK for _____?
- Parenteral for systemic infections
- Oral ________ for C difficile colitis
Vancomycin (a glycopeptide)
(Vanco is bacterial cell wall inhibitor)
Activity spectrum for______=
•MRSA and PRSP strains
Vancomycin (a glycopeptide)
(Vanco is a bacterial cell wall inhibitors)
Which abx has myopathy as a toxicity and must have CPK monitored weekly?
Daptomycin (a lipopeptide- a bacterial cell wall inhibitor)
Which abx has the following activity spectrum:
- Endocarditis
- Sepsis
- MSSA
- MRSA
- Off-labeled uses
- Osteomyelitis
- Prosthetic join infections
Daptomycin
(bacterial cell wall inhibitor)
ADEs for which group of abx?
- Hepatic dysfunction
- QT elongation
- CYP450 inhibition (not azithromycin)
Macrolides
(Bacterial Protein Synthesis Inhibitors)
Activity spectrum for which group of abx?
- CAP
- Pertussis,
- Corynebacteria
- Diphtheria
- Chlamydial
Macrolides
(Bacterial Protein Synthesis Inhibitors)
“Chlams Dip their CAPs in MAC PERfume”
Which abx can cause C difficile colitis?
Lincosamides (agent: Clindamycin)
(Bacterial Protein Synthesis Inhibitors)
