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Foundations Exam 3 > Overview and Development of Back > Flashcards

Overview and Development of Back Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior horn

A

Lower motor neuron cell bodies

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2
Q

Anterior roots

A

Lower motor axons

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3
Q

Posterior horn

A

Sensory neuron cell bodies

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4
Q

Posterior roots

A

Sensory axons

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5
Q

Posterior root ganglion

A

Sensory neuron cell bodies

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6
Q

Spinal nerve

A

Mixed motor and sensory axons

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7
Q

Anterior rami

A

Motor and sensory axons to muscles and skin of the anterior trunk and limbs

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8
Q

Posterior rami

A

Motor and sensory axons to muscles and skin of the back

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9
Q

C4 dermatome

A

Top of shoulder

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10
Q

C6 dermatome

A

Thumb

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11
Q

C8 dermatome

A

5th digit of hand

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12
Q

T4 dermatome

A

Nipple

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13
Q

T10 dermatome

A

umbilicus

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14
Q

L1 dermatome

A

inguinal region

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15
Q

L4 dermatome

A

medial heel and ankle

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16
Q

L5 dermatome

A

antero-lateral leg and dorsum of foot

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17
Q

S1 dermatome

A

posterior lateral lower limb

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18
Q

S2 dermatome

A

Posterior medial lower limb

19
Q

Denticulate ligament

A

Tether pia mater and spinal cord to dura mater; divide anterior and posterior roots within dural sheath

20
Q

How far does the spinal cord extend in the vertebral column? What are the anterior and posterior roots called that stretch below that?

A

~L2; cauda equina

21
Q

Tip of spinal cord

A

Conus medullaris

22
Q

Thread of pia mater that tethers the conus medullaris to the coccyx

A

Filum terminale

23
Q

Anesthetic injection can be where…?

A

Epidural space or sacral hiatus

24
Q

Sample CSF from?..

A

subarachnoid space

25
Q

Structures encountered on a midline tap

A

Skin&raquo_space; subcutaneous fat&raquo_space; thoracolumbar fascia&raquo_space; supraspinous ligament&raquo_space; interspinous ligament&raquo_space; dura mater&raquo_space; arachnoid mater&raquo_space; subarachnoid space

26
Q

Ascent of spinal cord

A

3 month embryo - spinal cord runs full length of vertebral canal
5 month embryo - conus medullaris at S1 level
Newborn - conus at L3 level

27
Q

Nutrient arteries

A

Given off of large vessels to supply periosteum

28
Q

Posterior branches of arterial supply

A

Supply transverse and spinous processes and back muscles

29
Q

Spinal branches of arterial supply

A

Enter intervertebral foramina and split to supply bone and meninges

30
Q

Posterior and anterior spinal artery

A

Supply spinal cord; run along length

31
Q

Radicular or segmental medullary arteries

A

Travel along spinal nerve and roots

32
Q

Venous drainage

A

Spinal veins and basivertebral veins» internal and external vertebral venous plexus&raquo_space; large veins of body and heart

33
Q

Somites

A

4 occipital, 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 2-3 coccygeal; develop on either side of the neural tube and notochord

34
Q

Each somite breaks into 3 functionally different parts…

A

Dermatome - deep dermis of body
Myotome - muscle of body wall and limbs
Sclerotome - vertebrae and axial bones

35
Q

Origin of typical spinal nerve

A

Anterior horn axons - myotome
Posterior root ganglion axons - dermatome and posterior horn
Sclerotomes - split in half as fissures develop so axons can pass

36
Q

Vertebral development

A

Intervertebral discs and intervertebral foramina will remain at fissure sites
Annulus fibrosis develops from sclerotome
Nucleus pulposus - notochord

37
Q

Primary ossification centers

A

Form in vertebral body, pedicles, and lamina

38
Q

Secondary ossification centers

A

Transverse and spinous processes; fuse to rest of vertebra

39
Q

Spina bifida occulta

A

Failure of neural arch (spinous process) to ossify; marked by tuft of hair

40
Q

Meningocele

A

Meninges and CSF herniate through the hole left by the failed neural arch

41
Q

Meningomyelocele

A

Same as meningocele with added herniation of the spinal cord and/or roots

42
Q

Rachischisis

A

Failure of neural tube to fold properly; neural arch cannot form; typically lose motor function

43
Q

Lumbarization of S1 or Sacralization of L5 vertebrae caused by…

A

Abnormalities in Hox gene expression

44
Q

Innvervation of dura mater

A

Recurrent meningeal nerves

Foundations Exam 3 (6 decks)

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