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Foundations Exam 3 > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Outer ring of intervertebral discs

A

Anulus fibrosus

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2
Q

Inner center of intervertebral discs

A

Nucleus pulposus

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3
Q

Specific features of cervical vertebrae

A

2 transverse foramen
Often bifid, spinous processes
Uncinate processes

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4
Q

Motions permitted in cervical vertebra? Limited?

A

Flexion/extension and side-bending; rotation

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5
Q

Specific features of thoracic vertebra

A

Facets (T1, T9-12) and demifacets (T2-8) for head of rib, transverse costal facets

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6
Q

Articular facet orientation of lower cervical vertebra

A

Largely horizontal, in axial plane

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7
Q

Articular facet orientation of thoracic vertebra

A

Mostly vertical in coronal plane

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8
Q

Motions permitted in thoracic vertebra? Limited?

A

Rotation, side-bending; flexion/extension, some rotation (spinous processes and ribs limit flexion)

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9
Q

Specific features of lumbar vertebra

A

Accessory processes

Mammilary processes

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10
Q

Articular facet orientation of lumbar vertebra

A

Facets face medially/laterally and are nearly vertical in the saggital plane

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11
Q

Motions permitted in lumbar vertebra? Limited?

A

Lots of flexion and extension, side-bending; rotation by facets

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12
Q

Iliolumbar ligaments connect…..to….

A

Transverse processes of L4 and L5; ilium

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13
Q

Specific features of sacrum

A

Promontory, Ala, sacral foramina, auricular surface, sacral crests, sacral cornua, sacral hiatus and canal

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14
Q

Specific features of coccyx

A

Apex and coccygeal cornua

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15
Q

Trapezius

A

Proximal attachments: external occipital protuberance, cervical to lower-thoracic spinous processes
Distal attachment: clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
Action: upper fibers (elevate scapula), middle fibers (retract scapula), lower fibers (depress scapula)
Innervation: spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

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16
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A

Proximal attachments: mid-thoracic to sacral spinous processes and iliac crest
Distal attachments: intertubercular sulcus (proximal humerus)
Action: adduct arm from an abducted position; extend arm from flexed position
Innervation: thoracodorsal nerve

17
Q

Levator scapulae

A

Proximal attachments: transverse processes of upper cervical vertebrae
Distal attachments: superior angle of scapula
Action: elevate scapula
Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve

18
Q

Rhomboid major/minor

A

Proximal attachments: lower cervical to upper thoracic spinous processes
Distal attachment: medial border of scapula
Action: retract scapula
Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve

19
Q

Fascia

A

Resists force equally in many directions; anchors tissues with some shift

20
Q

Tendon

A

Transmits and resists force strongly along the line of force as muscle pulls bone

21
Q

Ligament

A

Resists distraction of bone away from another bone

22
Q

Aponeurosis

A

Broad flat tendon connecting muscle to bone

23
Q

Retinaculum

A

Broad flat ligament that restrains/tethers a muscle group to prevent bowstringing

24
Q

Muscles innervated by posterior rami

A

Splenius capitis and cervicis, erector spinae, semispinalis, semispinalis cervicis and capitis, multifidus lumborum, rotatores thoracis, intertransversarii, interspinous, levatores costarum

25
Q

Extrinsic back muscles

A

Trapezius, latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, serratus, rhomboid

26
Q

Superficial layer of intrinsic back muscles

A

Splenius

27
Q

Intermediate layer of intrinsic back muscles

A

Erector spinae

28
Q

Deep intrinsic back muscles

A

Transversospinalis - semispinalis, rotatores, multifidus

29
Q

Minor deep intrinsic back muscles

A

Suboccipital muscles, interspinalis, levatores costorum, and intertransversarii

30
Q

Splenius capitis

A

Proximal attachment: middle and lower cervical spinous processes
Distal attachment: mastoid process and occipital bone
Innervation: posterior rami
Action: bilateral contraction - extension of the back and neck; unilateral contraction - ipsilateral side-bending and rotation

31
Q

Splenius cervicis

A

Proximal attachment: Lower cervical and upper thoracic spinous processes
Distal attachment: transverse processes of upper cervical
Innervation: posterior rami
Action: bilateral contraction - extension of the back and neck; unilateral contraction - ipsilateral side-bending and rotation

32
Q

Iliocostalis

A

Proximal attachment: Iliac crest, sacrum, lumbar transverse processes
Distal attachment: ribs, generally lateral to costal angle
Innervation: posterior rami
Action: bilateral contraction - extension of back and neck unilateral contraction - ipsilateral side-bending

33
Q

Longissimus

A

Proximal attachment: sacrum, lumbar spinous processes, lumbar and thoracic transverse processes
Distal attachment: ribs, medial to costal angle and more superior transverse processes
Innervation: posterior rami
Action: bilateral contraction - extension of back and neck unilateral contraction - ipsilateral side-bending

34
Q

Spinalis

A

Proximal attachment: lumbar and thoracic spinous processes
Distal attachment: more superior spinous processes
Innervation: posterior rami
Action: bilateral contraction - extension of back and neck unilateral contraction - ipsilateral side-bending

35
Q

Semispinalis cervicis

A

Proximal attachment: middle, lower cervical and upper thoracic transverse processes
Distal attachment:upper cervical spinous processes up to C2
Innervation: posterior rami
Action: bilateral - extends neck; unilateral - ipsilateral side-bending and slight contralateral rotation

36
Q

Semispinalis capitis

A

Proximal attachment: middle, lower cervical and upper thoracic transverse processes
Distal attachment: occipital bone
Innervation: posterior rami
Action: bilateral - extends head and neck; unilateral - ipsilateral side-bending

37
Q

Multifudus lumborum

A

Proximal attachment: sacrum and lower lumbar transverse processes
Distal attachment: lumbar spinous processes
Innervation: posterior rami
Action: bilateral - extends lower back and anchor vertebral column; unilateral - ipsilateral side-bending and contralateral rotation

38
Q

Rotatores thoracis

A

Proximal attachment: transverse processes of thoracic
Distal attachment: spinous processes of thoracic
Innervation: posterior rami
Action: mostly proprioceptive stabilization muscles

Foundations Exam 3 (6 decks)

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